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Despite being one of the oldest forms of writing styles that the myriad of digital fonts and typefaces evolved from, artwork featuring Gothic and Blackletter ca. Tattoo Fonts, Lettering Styles, Urban Stories, Glyphs, Volkswagen Lihat Lainnya. Calligraphy Alphabet, Font Alphabet, Graffiti Alphabet Fonts. Handwriting To understand the development of modern Western calligraphy it is important to survey historical styles—some of which profoundly influenced subsequent work—as well as how the materials of writing have been used. Most calligraphy is done with and on or parchment, although brushes and chisels are also used for making large letters on various surfaces. Later judgments about how the tip of a pen (usually a or reed) was cut, the angle at which it was held, and the formation of individual letters are conjectures based on the evidence of images of people writing, subsequent calligraphic practices, and the letters themselves. Very few and no on the practice of writing are known to have existed before the 15th century, although instructions and descriptions of quill cutting published in the 16th century probably reflect long-standing practices. Ancient Roman styles The Latin and of western Europe descends in a nearly unbroken line to the present day from the 1st century ad. The script used throughout the for books and occasionally for formal documents is known as rustic capitals. The pen used to write this script was cut with a broad end and held so that its thickest strokes fell at an oblique, nearly perpendicular angle to the line of writing. As is the case for most formal alphabets, the pen was lifted from the writing surface to make the serifs and other strokes for each single letter. The rustic alphabet consists only of capital, or, letters, most of which are contained between a single pair of horizontal lines. The letters B, L, and F are sometimes taller than the other capitals to distinguish them from R, I, and E, which are similar in appearance. Rustic capitals from a manuscript of Virgil's Aeneid (the “Vatican Virgil”), 4th century ad; in the Vatican Library (Vat. Courtesy of the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana This elaborate script, whose letter forms were used for inscriptions as well as manuscripts, is called rustic only by comparison with the magnificent square capitals typical of Roman imperial inscriptions. Both styles existed simultaneously, but very few manuscripts written in square capitals survive from ancient times. Square capitals, which require many more separate marks to make a single letter, are more often seen on inscriptions cut with a chisel that copied letters designed with a. Brushes were also used for large writing such as that seen in the in. Cursive capitals, contract for sale of a slave, ad 166; in the British Museum, London (Pap. Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum From the 2nd to the early 4th century, was replacing papyrus as the standard writing material for books, and the codex was replacing the roll as their standard form. The evidence that survives from this period, during which biblical and other literature was beginning to be copied extensively, is fragmentary, and its interpretation is still controversial. The main line of development, however, is clear enough. The elaborate letter forms of rustic capitals, with their numerous pen lifts, began to be abandoned, and experiments were made with new book hands in which the simplified letter forms of cursive capitals were written with a broad pen, sometimes held obliquely in the traditional way and sometimes held “straight,” so that its thickest strokes fell at right angles to the line of writing. It was probably the use of a straight pen that produced, for example, the conversion of cursive capital (axis oblique) into the fully minuscule d (axis vertical)., half uncials, and cursive minuscule For the 4th and 5th centuries, the evidence is more abundant, and it is known that two new and a new business hand came into use. The older of the book hands, called uncials (a name given this style by the 17th-century French paleographer ), was originally written with a square-edged pen, perhaps cut at an oblique angle; but, from the 6th century onward, a pen without an oblique cut seems to have been used, leading to a rounder-looking letter. Occasionally these letters were written with several lifts and manipulations of the pen, which led one paleographer to dub them “artificial” uncials. Although they incorporate several cursive letter forms (,, h) and introduce two forms peculiar to this type of alphabet (, ), uncials generally a capital alphabet similar to Greek capitals of the 4th century, such as those seen in the. P and F are the only letters that consistently descend below the writing line. Half uncial Roman book hand, De bello Judaico (“The Jewish War”), attributed to Hegesippus, 5th–6th century; in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan (C.105 inf.). Courtesy of the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan The new business hand of the 4th century and after is known as minuscule. Like cursive capitals, it was written with a pointed pen, but the pen was held more or less straight. It uses basically the same letter forms as half uncials, although the frequency in of ligatures between letters tends to conceal the fundamental likeness between the two hands. The letter forms that distinguish cursive minuscule and half uncials from rustic and cursive capitals and from uncials were developed during the obscure period between the 1st and 4th centuries. The question of whether these forms developed in the sphere of the book hands or of the business hands is still undecided, but, whatever their origin, their importance for the subsequent history of European handwriting is paramount. They provided the material on which the, which first appeared in the late 8th century, was based, and that script (including its modifications) dominated Europe until the end of the Middle Ages. Only in one other period were new letter forms evolved, between the 13th and the 15th centuries, in the group of scripts known as Gothic cursives; and the influence of these late was ultimately canceled out, thanks to the revival of Carolingian minuscule in a pure form by the Italian humanists at the beginning of the 15th century. Insular minuscule, from Bede's Historia ecclesiastica, 8th century; in the British Museum, London (Cotton Tiberius C.11). Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum The Merovingian (France) and the Visigothic (Spain) are two more varieties of minuscular script that grew out of Latin cursive after the withdrawal of the Roman authority. In the Luxeuil monastery, in Burgundy, the minuscule attained in the 7th century the characteristics of a fine book hand. In the the Visigothic style was in use from at least the 8th to the 12th century. It has the verticality of emphasis that is common to the other hands out of the same cursive background, and its weighted ascenders are carefully topped by flat serifs. The southern Italian script of the style called, nurtured in the motherhouse of the Benedictine Order at Monte Cassino, was the “national” hand that rose to the status of calligraphy and held its position well into the 13th century, an active literary life of more than 500 years. This type of script has a peculiar jerky rhythm and retains individual cursive forms, which, together with the abundance of abbreviations and ligatures, make reading quite difficult. Beneventan script, Exultet Roll from Monte Cassino, Italy, late 11th or early 12th century; in the British Museum, London (MS. Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum reforms in the scriptorium (8th and 9th centuries) The literary and reforms undertaken in the latter part of the 8th century and the early 9th century by order of the Holy Roman emperor set the highest of standards for the making of books throughout his Western empire. The extensive educational program and the production of new authorized versions of the, the, and other liturgical works led Charlemagne to invite the English cleric of to come to France to oversee the making of these manuscripts. Alcuin first became master of the palace school at Aachen, Ger. (Aix-la-Chapelle), then went to Tours, France, to lead the Abbey of St. Black-letter book hand by Jacobus de Voragine, from his Legenda aurea, 1312; in the British Museum, London (Add. Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum Paleographers have distinguished four types of black-letter ( textualis) styles that were used in Germany, France, England, and Italy: prescissa, quadrata, semi-quadrata, and rotunda. Textualis precissa is identified by the way the bottoms (feet) of several of the minims end horizontally above the writing line. The feet of the minims of textualis quadrata are made up of diamond shapes, and they match the serifs found at their tops. Quadrata was used for early German printing types (e.g., the Gutenberg Bible) and became widely used in both type and calligraphy, although the precissa was an earlier and more elegant letter form. In Italy rotunda was the favoured book hand through the 15th century. It shares the dense colour of quadrata but not its angularity. Rotunda letters are condensed with sharp curves where the strokes change direction, and the feet of the minims end with an upward curve of the pen. Unlike quadrata, which spread throughout the printing of northern Europe, rotunda had little influence on type design. Semi-quadrata, as the name implies, bears a close resemblance to quadrata but mixes that hand’s diamond-shaped foot serifs with the upwardly curved bottom terminals of rotunda. Littera cancellaresca ascribed to Lodovico degli Arrighi, from a brief of Pope Leo X, 1519; in the Public Record Office, London (S.P. By permission of the controller of H.M. Stationery Office, Crown copyright reserved Sixteenth-century Italians were the first to publish books on the making of letters: Divina Proportione (“Divine Proportions”) by Luca Pacioli appeared in Venice in 1509, Sigismondo Fanti’s Theorica et practica (1514; “Theory and Practice”) was also published in that city, and Francesco Torniello’s Opera del modo de fare le littere maiuscole antique (“Work on the Way to Make Ancient Majuscule Letters”) came out in Milan in 1517. These books focus more on theory than on practice; Fanti’s even shows how to construct gothic rotunda minuscules using geometry. Cancellaresca corsiva script attributed to Ludovico degli Arrighi, from a letter from Cardinal Bembo, 1516; in the Newberry Library, Chicago (Wing MS ZW). Courtesy of the Newberry Library, Chicago published the first practical manual on writing cancelleresca, the hand now usually called italic. His La operina (“The Little Work”), which, although dated 1522, was probably printed in Rome about 1524, became a prototype for subsequent writing manuals. Arrighi shows how chancery minuscule letters are made; he states rules for joining and spacing letters and for spacing words and text lines, and he supplies practice exercises. Almost simultaneously the Venetian writing master Giovanantonio Tagliente published Lo presente libro insegna la vera arte ( c. 1524; “This Book Teaches the True Art”). Both books were printed from that reproduced the writing of their authors; both promised results without the aid of a teacher; and both presented a cancelleresca script that varies somewhat from formal humanistic cursive writing. Whereas Sanvito and Sallado produced ascenders that terminated in serifs resembling bird beaks, both Arrighi and Tagliente presented flaglike terminals on the letters b, d, f, h, k, and l, as if a westerly breeze were blowing them over. Arrighi subsequently published Il modo de temperare le penne (“How to Sharpen Quills”), which was actually a copybook of various alphabets, including Roman capitals and black-letter minuscules. Tagliente’s manual also included the Latin alphabets and added Hebrew and Arabic alphabets. In his introduction to La operina, Arrighi admitted that the printed examples could not compare to “the living hand,” and his manuscripts proved this to be true. He wrote that he published La operina to satisfy the large demand for copies of his script; no doubt he also hoped to attract pupils to his writing school in Rome. Whatever the drawbacks of reproduction, professional calligraphers did not avoid. In fact, printing was embraced by many writing masters as a means for spreading both the art of writing and their reputation. Several 16th-century scribes, including Arrighi and Tagliente, even designed typefaces for printers. Thus, although printing may have put an end to the, it can also be said to have launched the era of the professional writing master. Writing manuals and (16th to 18th century) From the 16th through 18th centuries two types of writing books predominated in Europe: the writing manual, which instructed the reader how to make, space, and join letters, as well as, in some books, how to choose paper, cut quills, and make ink; and the copybook, which consisted of pages of writing models to be copied as practice. In Rome in 1540 published his Libro nuovo d’imparare a scrivere (“New Book for Learning to Write”), which proved to be, along with the manuals of Arrighi and Tagliente, one of the most influential books on writing cancelleresca issued in the first half of the 16th century. These three authors were frequently mentioned and imitated in later manuals, and their own manuals were often reprinted during and after their lifetimes. Italic bastarda, from a letter by Gianfrancesco Cresci, 1572; in the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City (Lat. Courtesy of the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana The Essemplare is finely printed from woodcut blocks, but seven years after its publication a new and better method of reproducing elaborate calligraphy appeared. In 1567, secretary and royal writing master to of France, published the first copybook printed from metal plates, Alphabet de plusiers sortes de lettres (“Alphabet of Several Sorts of Letters”). Although this title echoes the title of Cresci’s 1560 book, the works are different. Hamon devotes the first part of his book to various forms of the French secretary hand, a style he writes adding such wild embellishments that they seem to take on an independent existence, in contrast to the relatively orderly flourishes found in contemporary Italian writing books. Hamon also takes advantage of the metal engraving process by presenting free-form letters drawn in thin outlines, something beyond the capabilities of the woodcut. The second part of his copybook is given over to formal and informal styles of chancery, following Palatino’s models more than Cresci’s. A page from a copybook, referred to as a “calligraphic and computing instruction manual,” that was created by American schoolmaster Thomas Earl, 1740–41. The Newberry Library, Gift of Susan and Rudy Wunderlich, 1998 Round hand was not an imitation of the fine lines produced by the engraver’s burin, although some modern writers have made that assertion. With few exceptions, engraving was considered a reproductive (as opposed to a creative) art in the 17th and 18th century. Prominent engravers such as John Sturt and George Bickham pointed out that engraving was no match for the pen in freedom or beauty and that the engraver depended on written copy. Although English writing books continued to include other scripts such as black letter (which they called “German text”), various secretary hands, a slender, delicate “Italian” hand recommended for women, and a rather hand used for records, round hand occupied most of their pages. By about 1725, it was the principal commercial and decorative hand. By mid-century most books showed only round hand and a few varieties of the German text hand; Roman capitals and minuscules were included mainly as display alphabets in titles and text headings. Command of hand was limited to decorating display alphabets or finishing off short lines of writing, and pen-made calligraphic pictures faded from the scene. By this time, flourishing was considered and unnecessary in business, for which the chief and singular virtue of penmanship was legibility. By the end of the century, writing books from Europe and the United States shifted their focus away from calligraphic qualities and toward the ideal of a legible and easy-to-learn hand. A page from a copybook, referred to as a “calligraphic and computing instruction manual,” that was created by American schoolmaster Thomas Earl, 1740–41. The Newberry Library, Gift of Susan and Rudy Wunderlich, 1998 By the end of the 18th century, as shown in The Art of Writing (1791) by the American, letters were reduced to a few simple,. Legible penmanship became the overriding consideration, and methods of handwriting based on arm movement appeared on both sides of the Atlantic. (This approach was a major break from the earlier practice of making letters by using the fingers and wrist.) In the early 19th century straightforward “systematic writing” became the instructional norm. With the perfection and of the flexible metal pointed pen in the 1820s, calligraphy experienced a slight revival through the efforts of people such as the American Oliver B. Goldsmith, who was an early and strong advocate for the use of metal pens for writing and decoration. His Goldsmith’s Gems of Penmanship (1844) presents only examples written with metal pens, and it includes flourishes that evoke those in late-17th-century English copybooks. Goldsmith’s Gems is significant for two other reasons: it was among the first American books to use for the reproduction of writing, and it was the first American copybook to describe a writing style as “.” Lithography and (a relief process involving photoengraving) would replace engraving as a means of preparing writing books during the last half of the century. Flourishes and calligraphic drawings would continue to grace their title pages, primarily to attract buyers rather than to teach the styles. As Charles P. Zaner wrote in Zaner’s Gems of Flourishing (1888): “If you are a teacher of penmanship, much of your success depends, in many instances, upon your ability to flourish, as there is no one thing so easily and quickly made that will attract as much attention as a skillfully executed flourish.” Decorative alphabets and calligraphic images of plants and animals (especially birds) were produced in abundance in the last quarter of the century, but their quality was uniform and mechanical rather than individual and artistic. By the time the typewriter was introduced, in about 1870, writing professions were declining in visibility and. “Praise of Venus” from A Book of Verse by William Morris, 1870; in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Courtesy of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London Among those who were indirectly inspired by Morris’s activities was the British calligrapher, who explored medieval and Renaissance techniques and materials relating to manuscript preparation and writing. Starting with a version of half uncial, Johnston eventually settled on a 10th-century version of English Carolingian as a basic, or “foundational,” hand from which other calligraphic styles could be developed. He became an influential teacher of a generation of type designers and calligraphers; his Writing & Illuminating, & Lettering (1906), was a landmark work for the modern revival of calligraphy. Manuscript copy sheet by Edward Johnston, 1918; in the Newberry Library, Chicago. Courtesy of the Newberry Library, Chicago, the Wing Collection A calligraphic renaissance had already begun in Austria and Germany by then, through the efforts of the Austrian royal archivist Rudolf von Larisch, who lectured on lettering and in Vienna, and the type designer in Offenbach, Ger. The Germanic approaches to calligraphy in the early 20th century were quite distinct from English revivalism, especially in the German writers’ inclination to seek inspiration in writing materials. In 1905 von Larisch introduced the concept of the “language of materials” ( Materialsprache) as applied to writing ( Unterricht in ornamentaler Schrift; “Instruction in Ornamental Writing”). He examined the way letters were made with a variety of tools and, conversely, the effects the tools had on the letters. Von Larisch developed modern alphabets that emphasized the figure-ground relation between the letter and the writing surface. Rudolf Koch, who spent most of his working life at the Klingspor type foundry, used historic models as a springboard for his modernistic calligraphic and typographic inventions. His writing ranged from formal styles to densely massed blocks of black-letter text enlivened with bold, colourful initials. Like Johnston, Koch was a devoted and influential teacher. Art and architecture schools in Europe and America gradually followed London’s Royal College of Art, where Johnston taught, in offering courses in lettering and calligraphy: these, along with the careful study of sound letter forms, instilled an awareness in students of the rich heritage of the alphabet. Accordingly, type design was taken over from technicians and engineers by lettering and calligraphic artists and scholars, including,,,,, and Hermann Zapf, who designed some of the best typefaces of the 20th century. This calligraphic-based tradition in type design has continued in the computer age with designers such as Charles Bigelow, Matthew Carter, Adrian Frutiger, Kris Holmes, and Sumner Stone, all of whom studied calligraphy before designing typefaces. Before World War II English and German calligraphic influences came together in the United States. Ernst Detterer, who had studied with Edward Johnston in England in 1913, taught lettering and calligraphy at the School of the from 1921 to 1931. He later became custodian of the John M. Wing Foundation on the History of Printing at the in Chicago, where he was instrumental in building up an important collection of historical writing books. In 1941 he initiated a calligraphic study group at the library that included graphic artists and type designers such as R. Hunter Middleton, James Hayes, Ray DaBoll, and Bruce Beck. George Salter moved to New York City from Germany in 1934 and in 1937 began teaching lettering and calligraphy at, where he inspired many students to enter the world of commercial lettering. He also designed hundreds of book jackets that incorporated his unmistakable calligraphic style and that doubtless influenced the many graphic artists who were exposed to them. After World War II American interest in calligraphy began to spread beyond the area of, and both professional and amateur calligraphers were attracted to classes and demonstrations by Arnold Bank, a design professor at in Pittsburgh, Lloyd Reynolds, who taught italic handwriting to generations of students at, and other pioneering designers. Calligraphy was clearly becoming familiar to the general population: in 1947 Paul Standard, a skilled amateur calligrapher, published an article on italic handwriting in the popular Woman’s Day magazine., based on the styles of Arrighi and Palatino, had already become quite popular in the United Kingdom; in 1952 the Society for Italic Handwriting was founded there by the English calligrapher Alfred Fairbank, a pupil of Graily Hewitt. Fairbank, who was undoubtedly the strongest advocate for the italic hand in the 20th century, published his first manual on learning italic handwriting in 1932, and he continued to publish books and articles on this topic for the rest of his life. In 1954, more than 400 years after its first appearance, Arrighi’s La operina was translated by John Howard Benson as The First Writing Book. Benson wrote out his translation using both the layout and the writing style of the original; he included a facsimile of Arrighi’s work as well as notes on writing Arrighi’s italic. In 1921 Edward Johnston’s students, and their students, had organized the Society of Scribes and Illuminators, “zealously directed toward the production of books and documents” by hand and the advancement of the crafts of member scribes, gilders, and illuminators. The program of this London-based professional group, which continued in the 21st century, was conducted by means of lectures, publications, and exhibitions, and membership was open to anyone interested in calligraphy. In the late 1960s the preeminent English scribe Donald Jackson went to the United States to give a series of lectures, workshops, and classes. Jackson sparked a renewed interest in calligraphy and illumination on both U.S. Coasts, and in 1974 a group of calligraphers and lettering artists formed the first modern American calligraphic organization, the Society of Scribes. Other groups were formed in the 1970s and ’80s, and by the end of the century there were calligraphic organizations in nearly every state. These organizations sponsored workshops, classes, lectures, and journals, and they joined together for an annual week-long national calligraphy conference. Other calligraphic revivals began during the last quarter of the 20th century in Canada, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Italy. Printing technology played a role in the calligraphic revival of the 1970s. By then photocopiers had become widely available, so that instructional handouts and model sheets were easy to produce. Publishers issued new writing manuals and reprinted some older ones, some in facsimile; several professional journals reproduced commercial and artistic cutting-edge calligraphic work. Fountain pens and fibre-tip markers were manufactured for broad-edged calligraphy, and materials for various styles of writing once again became readily available to calligraphers. Radical changes in the of the art followed the renewed interest in calligraphy in the late 20th century. Some of the younger practitioners on both sides of the Atlantic began to de-emphasize text in favour of letterforms and gesture, moving calligraphy in the direction of contemporary painting and drawing. Especially noteworthy are the works of Denis Brown, Thomas Ingmire, Suzanne Moore, Brody Neuenschwander (whose work appears in many of the films of Peter Greenaway), Eliza Schulte, and Susan Skarsgard. Their work goes well beyond the formal, traditional calligraphy in which they were all trained. These artists and the thousands of amateurs who practice calligraphy have ensured the vitality of contemporary calligraphy. Many institutions and libraries around the world contain calligraphic manuscripts and printed books, but only a few specialize in such holdings. Noteworthy in the United States are the Hofer Collection in the Houghton Library at, Cambridge, Mass.; the Plimpton Collection in the Columbia University Library, New York City; the Wing Foundation in the Newberry Library, Chicago; and the Harrison Collection in the San Francisco Public Library. In Europe notable collections are in the, London; the Ditchling Museum, Sussex, Eng.; the Holburne of Menstrie Museum, Bath, Eng.; and the Klingspor Museum, Offenbach, Ger. Download free Volkswagen-Bold Regular font, VOLKSWAGEN-BOLD.OTF Volkswagen-Bold Regular Volkswagen-Bold: Char map Ascii Volkswagen-Bold Regular font Char map Unicode Volkswagen-Bold Regular font 1. Volkswagen-Bold 2. Volkswagen-Bold: 4. Volkswagen-Bold 5. Volkswagen-Bold,, The fonts presented on this website are their authors' property, and are either freeware, shareware, demo versions or public domain. The licence mentioned above the download button is just an indication. Please look at the readme-files in the archives or check the indicated author's website for details, and contact him if in doubt. If no author/licence is indicated that's because we don't have information, that doesn't mean it's free. Yes, there is an easier way, although it involves learning to use “regular expressions”. Your short paragraphs are caused by a hard line break at the end of each line. You can re-assemble the paragraph by manually deleting the line breaks, but this is very tedious. A better way is to get a text editor that recognizes regular expressions (“regex”), such as UltraEdit or Sublime Text. A small investment in learning will pay you back with power and wizardry! To strip the line breaks in your example, simply turn on the regular expression feature in your editor, do a search for all “ r n”, and replace with a blank. This will cause the lines to re-assemble into a paragraph. “ r n” is regex-speak for “carriage return” (‘ ’ is the escape code) and “line feed”, which terminate every line in a text file. In regex, ‘^’ is the beginning of a line; ‘$’ is the end of a line. The asterisk ‘*’ means repeat the preceding character. And then fix your application to not produce bogus BOMs; they have no place in a UTF-8 file anyway, never mind the problems it causes to non-Unicode applications. [I don't know what the application is written in, but a common cause of unwanted BOMs is using.NET's Encoding.UTF8 encoding. So, doing a search for ” *$” and replacing with “” (nothing), will strip all the trailing blanks in all the lines of a file. “^ *” means all the leading blanks. There a books written on regex, but you can do useful stuff with just a few notions. I don’t know it this is useful, but I press Control F, then press ‘replace.’ If I want to remove spaces I count them (say 5 spaces) and just put 5 spaces on the top line, leave the bottom empty and press replace. Likewise if there are a lot of page breaks I go to the bottom of ‘replace’ and press ‘more’ then select ‘special.’ The top one is line break, so I put 1 of those and leave the bottom with just one space. That knits the words together leaving a small gap. If you don’t like the changes just press control Z. I suppose this is baby stuff, but it works for me. I just wish I knew how to copy a PDF page exactly to a word doc without altering it’s exact format (for legal work). That would be something! I usually use Notepad exactly as you described for copying/pasting monthly meeting minutes (prepared in a different software program and received via email) into a Word document. This morning I tested the Paste Special technique that was suggested in the previous comment. Although formatting was removed, each line of the text was treated as a separate paragraph, so there was a line break at the end of each line, as well as a line of space between lines. It’s not difficult to clean up (just insert your cursor at the end of each line and then hit “delete” twice), but it’s certainly much more tedious. Humphrey, thanks for your recommendation. I use Paste Special all the time with Excel. I’ve been stripping out any invisible code with Notepad for a while now. I do a lot of work in Publisher, often have to cut and paste stuff from web sites, Word docs, Excel, etc. I want to make sure there’s no underlying code so I cut and paste into Notepad, then into Pubby. Never thought to use Paste Special (du-uh). I just tried it and it works like a champ. The only odd thing is that I have to use the Edit > Paste Special menu instead of right clicking to paste. For some reason Paste Special doesn’t appear on the menu when I right click. This will save me a lot of time, even using the menu. There is an easier way requiring no special items. Most but not absolutely all text programs, in coding, attach the formatting data to the end, e.g. What you and I observe as the paragraph symbol. If you don’t want to take the formatting with you to the paste destination, simply make sure that you copy only the text but not the paragraph symbol. Again, for most but not absolutely all text programs, the pasted text will adopt the formatting already set for the paragraph it is being pasted into. (I am not a programmer; I just learned this many years ago by the trial and error method.) Like. I am creating a *.txt file using the C commands fopen() and fprintf(). I'm including the newline character ' n' in my content that I send using fprintf(). When I look at my *.txt file in a hex editor, I can see the 0x0a newline character. But when I open the file in Win 7 Notepad, the newlines are not honored. The text appears to be one continuous string. (Notepad++ honors the newlines.) What sort of end-of-line characters do I need to include so that my *.txt file can be read by Notepad in both Win 7 and Win XP (we need backwards compatability for thousands of customers)? I've created a text file from an application that I developed. When I send the text file to a SYSTEM validation, they (third-party system) say that the file is invalid and that the file contains three characters in the beginning of the file that are not allowed as well special characters are not correct. They also say I need to use either or PC850. Well, I'm using, and I can't see that at all! What is the best text file reader for these kind of problems? I also have a Mac and just thought I remembered opening in. Now I know what they are talking about! How can I have the same in Windows? Bogus BOMs; they have no place in a UTF-8 file anyway -- that's true in most data streams and for XML/HTML files (which provide other means to specify the encoding), and for most other files, but not necessarily for all files. If an application needs to scan the full file to guess if something is UTF-8, then a BOM could be quite useful. Even though it won't define the actual byte order, it does indicate it's UTF-8. And in this very question, the presence is actually quite nice, as it shows it's been explicitly outputted as UTF-8, not the required ISO 8859-1 or PC850.;-) – Mar 23 '10 at 14:25. Ebook 7 rahasia belajar speaking bahasa inggris. Perfecting your english will improve your life. Get better study, better job, better career, make more money, and share more benefits to others. Belajar Bahasa Inggris, download ebook gratis '7 rahasia belajar speaking bahasa inggris' • 1. 7 RAHASIA LANCAR SPEAKING BAHASA INGGRIS Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullah wabarakatuh. Ebook 7 Rahasia Lancar Speaking Bahasa Inggris ini kami berikan gratis untuk anda. Anda diperbolehkan untuk memberikan atau menyebarkan ebook ini kepada siapapun orang yang anda kenal. Namun anda Dilarang Keras mengubah isi, tulisan, gambar, atau apapun yang ada di ebook ini. Kunjungi kami di: Facebook: Twitter: Instagram: Pin BBM: (Pin:7DBB032F) 1 • 7 RAHASIA LANCAR SPEAKING BAHASA INGGRIS Introduction Pertanyaan kami pada anda adalah berapa tahun anda sudah belajar bahasa inggris? Atau berapa kali anda sudah ikut kursus? Dan pertanyaan terakhir kami, can you speak english fluently? Jika jawabannya tidak. What’s wrong? Pasti ada yang salah. Download Aplikasi EduKitty ABC! Letter Tracing apk gratis untuk Android apk versi terbaru 2015, Download Game Android Apk untuk ponsel samsung,lg,sony,nokia,lenovo,huawei. Okay, dalam ebook ini kami akan mengupas RAHASIA belajar bahasa inggris. Materi disini kami susun dari Free English Video Lessons dari berbagai website kursus online yang ada di luar negeri, dan khusus kami susun untuk anda. Free English Video Lessons dari kursus online tersebut, benar-benar membuka RAHASIA-nya kepada kita. Materi ebook ini hanya akan kami pilih 7 RAHASIA BESAR dalam belajar bahasa inggris. Tapi itu sudah cukup untuk membuka JALAN anda, bagaimana seharusnya belajar bahasa inggris. Ebook ini kami susun secara ringkas dan terstruktur supaya anda mudah untuk menangkap konsepnya. Bayangkan kalau ebook ini kami susun 100 halaman.?? Itu baru teorinya, kapan prakteknya.??:-D,, semangatnya keburu hilang. Jangan kebanyakan teori yaaaa. Untuk versi lengkapnya, semua RAHASIA dan TIPS belajar bahasa inggris, anda bisa mendapatkan semua Free English Video Lessons melalui: Facebook: Twitter: Instagram: Pin BBM: (Pin:7DBB032F) • 7 RAHASIA LANCAR SPEAKING BAHASA INGGRIS 1. First Secret Apakah anda ingat bagaimana anda belajar bahasa anda? Bahasa apapun itu, bahasa indonesia atau pun bahasa daerah anda. Coba ingat sebentar.. Heemmm,, masih belum mengerti maksud saya ya. Hehe,, okay akan saya jelaskan. Coba ingat-ingat lagi masa kecil anda. Sebelum anda belajar membaca dan menulis, anda belajar BERBICARA terlebih dahulu. Waktu anda masuk TK (klo pernah TK ya. Hehe,, klo sekarang sih play group), apakah anda sudah bisa membaca dan menulis.? Saya rasa BELUM. Tapi apakah anda sudah bisa berbicara? Dan jawabannya YA. Selanjutnya, kita flash back lagi. Waktu anda bayi, bagaimana anda belajar untuk berbicara.? Klo tidak ingat (saya rasa anda memang tidak ingat. Heheh), coba perhatikan adik atau keponakan anda yang masih balita. Perhatikan bagaimana mereka belajar berbicara. Dua hal yang dilakukan bayi sebelum belajar berbicara, 1) mereka belajar dengan MENDENGAR, 2) mereka MELIHAT gerakan bibir kita. MENDENGAR inilah fokus utama kita dalam belajar bahasa inggris. Sedangkan untuk MELIHAT gerakan bibir, sejauh ini saya baru mempelajarinya di Tahsin Al- Qur’an. Okay sekarang kita sudah dapat konsepnya. “Before we learn to read and write, we learn to speak. And before we learn to speak, we learn to listen”. Ini adalah PRINSIP paling dasar dalam belajar bahasa, namun justru kita lupakan. Hal inilah yang membuat pendidikan bahasa inggris kita gagal. Dan ini tidak cuma di negara kita. 3 • 7 RAHASIA LANCAR SPEAKING BAHASA INGGRIS Bahkan hampir seluruh negara yang bahasa inggris bukan bahasa ibunya, mempunyai masalah yang sama. Mendengar dan bicara aja belum bisa, udah disuruh mbaca dan nulis. Haha,, Jadi bagi anda yang pengen belajar bahasa inggris dengan hasil yang MEMUASKAN, ikutlah hukum alamnya. Belajarlah dari MENDENGAR dan BERBICARA lebih dahulu. Baru setelah itu, terserah anda mau belajar tenses, grammar, atau pun toefl preparation. Second Secret Rahasia kedua adalah lanjutan dari yang pertama. Masih ingat rahasia yang pertama? “Before we learn to read and write, we learn to speak. And before we learn to speak, we learn to listen”. Sekarang sudah kelihatan ya. Upppsss,, Kira-kira sudah tahu ya apa RAHASIA KEDUA.? Yupppps,, its so easy. Rahasia kedua adalah: “Learn with your Ears, not with your eyes”. Jika anda ingin punya kemampuan speaking bahasa inggris yang mengesankan, anda harus belajar dengan telinga anda. So, listening, listening, and listening is the key to speak excellent english. Listening adalah hal yang harus anda lakukan. Problem pembelajaran kita adalah “we learn focus on text books in the classroom”. Anda belajar baanyaakkkk tentang grammar,, but then you forget it. You never mastered it (Anda tidak pernah menguasainya). Listening is the key. So, the question is WHAT you listen and HOW you listen? 4 • 7 RAHASIA LANCAR SPEAKING BAHASA INGGRIS Apa yang harus anda dengar? Yang harus anda dengar adalah real english material. English material seperti apa yang harus anda dengar? 1) Untuk pemula, mendengar dan melihat film berbahasa inggris yang berdurasi 2 jam sangatlah tidak efektif hasilnya. Untuk hasil yang efektif, dengarlah real english material yang durasinya tidak lebih dari 30 menit. 2) Penting untuk memilih real english material, karena ini akan membentuk pronunciation anda. Listen english material that you enjoy their voice. Listen to people who are speaking naturally. 3) Yang terakhir adalah yang paling penting. The most important thing is you must listen is to easy english. Apa maksudnya easy english? Well, easy english is you should understand 95% or more, without stopping, without a dictionary. Okay, the next question is how you listen? 1) Listen english material on your ipod or mp3 player. And 2) Listen every chance you have. Dengarkan ketika anda sedang bangun tidur, ketika makan siang, ketika olahraga (klo sepak bola jangan ya. Hehe), apalagi kalo shalat (matiin-matiin. Listen anytime, anywhere. So, inilah Rahasia kedua. “Listen real english material, anytime, anywhere”. Third Secret This secret is very simple, but so POWERFUL. Rahasia ke tiga adalah: “Always learn english phrases, not individual words”. Frase adalah kelompok dari kata. Tetapi frase hanya bagian dari kalimat. Mulai sekarang, jangan menghafal 1 kata per kata. Itu sama sekali tidak efektif. Word by word is slow and it doesn’t help. 5 • 7 RAHASIA LANCAR SPEAKING BAHASA INGGRIS Ada bonus jika anda belajar frase, anda juga akan belajar grammar. Anda tidak perlu berpikir tentang grammar. Anda tidak perlu tahu rumusnya, it’s automatic. This is the another way that native speakers learn english grammar. Oiyaaa, dan perlu anda tahu bahwa native speakers tidak pernah belajar aturan grammar, kecuali setelah mereka ada pada tingkat high school or university. Mereka belajar grammar secara natural. Ok, so that secret number three, next with secret number four. Fourth Secret Rahasia keempat ini mungkin akan mengejutkan bagi sebagian besar orang yang baru belajar bahasa inggris. So, rahasia keempat adalah: “Do not study grammar rules”. Yaaaa, mungkin terdengar aneh untuk sebagian orang. Karena sebagian besar waktu anda untuk belajar bahasa inggris, anda diberitahu agar belajar aturan grammar. Pertanyaan saya untuk anda adalah: Dit it work? Was it successful? Can you speak english easily, quickly, and automaticly right now? Jika jawabannya Tidak. The reason is you study grammar rules to much. Ketika anda fokus pada grammar, anda akan fokus pada analysing english. Dengan kata lain, anda berpikir tentang bahasa inggris. Anda berpikir tentang past tense, present tense, dan future tense. For writing english, that’s okay. Karena anda punya banyak waktu. 6 • 7 RAHASIA LANCAR SPEAKING BAHASA INGGRIS But for speaking, there is no time. Seseorang bertanya sesuatu kepada anda, anda harus menjawabnya saat itu juga. If you focus on grammar rules, it will hurt your speaking. You speaking more slowly, you understanding more slowly. Okay this is fourth secret for learning to speak excellent english. Fifth Secret Sejujurnya ke 7 rahasia ini semuanya saling berkaitan, dan tidak bisa berdiri sendiri. Jika anda melakukan ke 7 hal ini, anda akan mendapatkan hasil yang fantastis. Well, the next secret is: “Learn deeply”. Learn deeply or deep learning, basically means repeating. Ulang apa yang anda pelajari lagi, lagi, lagi, dan lagi. Don’t just listen one time. Satu kali tidak cukup. Enam kali tidak cukup. Dua belas kali tidak cukup. Listen to them all, many, many times so that you can learn deeply. Yaaaa, ini rahasia ke 5. Ulang apa yang anda pelajari sebanyak mungkin sampai anda benar-benar memahaminya. Sixth Secret Belajar speaking bahasa inggris sama halnya dengan belajar mengendarai sepeda. Coba ingat bagaimana anda belajar mengendarai sepeda? Apakah anda akan mengatakan seperti ini, “owww, saya dulu belajar naik sepeda”. Heemmms, saya rasa Tidak. Perhatikan kalimat ini: “you not learn to ride a bike by studying, you learn to ride a bike by doing”. “And english is the same way”. 7 • 7 RAHASIA LANCAR SPEAKING BAHASA INGGRIS Sudah jelas yaaaaa. Anda tidak pernah belajar mengendarai sepeda dengan masuk sekolah, dengan membaca buku cara cepat belajar naik sepeda. “you don’t become fluent in english by studying”. “you become fluent by doing”. English is a habits. Buatlah speaking bahasa inggris sebagai kebiasaan. Ini adalah kuncinya. Using english will build experience, and this experience makes you a better english speaker. Untuk berlatih speaking, gunakanlah teknik shadowing. Saat anda mendengarkan english material, ulangi berkali-kali, dan ikutlah mengucapkan apa yang anda dengar. Itu adalah teknik shadowing. Hal istimewa dari rahasia ini adalah bahwa anda dapat berlatih speaking meskipun anda tidak punya partner untuk berlatih speaking. Dan anda dapat meningkatkan kualitas listening dan speaking anda, anytime, anywhere. Sekarang bagaimana tentang masalah vocabulary. Mungkin diantara anda ada yang bertanya, “hemm, bagaimana saya bisa speaking bahasa inggris, padahal saya hanya punya sedikit vocabulary. Pertanyaan saya adalah, “are you sure?”. Berapa tahun anda sudah belajar bahasa inggris? (anda jawab sendiri ya. Saya rasa itu sudah jadi modal yang cukup untuk anda. Mau tau buktinya? Seorang pendekar pedang yang disebut ahli tidak dilihat dari seberapa banyak dia bisa menggunakan pedang. Tapi dia disebut ahli dari bagaimana keterampilannya menggunakan pedang. Bagi yang suka anime, akan saya kasih contoh. Dalam dunia nyata pendekar pedang itu seperti Kenshin Himura dari Samurai X (kita lihat dari keahliannya menggunakan pedang), bukan 8 • 7 RAHASIA LANCAR SPEAKING BAHASA INGGRIS seperti Roronoa Zoro dari one piece yang bisa pake 3 pedang (yang 1 dipegang di mulut. Hadehhhh), atau apalagi seperti Killer Bee dari naruto (sampai bisa pake 8 pedang). Ahahha,, maaf kalo ada yang tersungging,, ehhhh tersinggung. “Speaking english is not only about how many words you know, but how well you use words you know”. Saya berikan satu konsep penting lagi, sebagai penutup dari Rahasia ke 6: “If you want to become a better listener, you need to listen more. And if you want to become a better speaker, you need to speak more”. Seventh Secret Yang ke 7 ini sebenarnya bukan Rahasia. Tapi keenam rahasia sebelumnya akan sia-sia jika anda tidak melakukan rahasia yang ke 7. Rahasia yang ke 7 adalah Motivasi. Yaaa, motivasi adalah penggerak utama untuk apapun yang akan anda lakukan. Sesuatu yang sebetulnya mudah, tapi jika anda tidak punya motivasi, anda tidak akan pernah melakukannya. Sebaliknya sesuatu yang sulit, tapi jika anda punya motivasi yang hebat, bahkan batu pun akan anda singkirkan. Ahaha,, atau belajarlah dari semut. Jika dia melihat dinding, dia tidak pernah mengatakannya itu sebagai halangan. Apa yang semut katakan, “ini hanya Jalan Naik untukku”. Waoowwww,, English is an international language. And perfecting your english will improve your life. When you speak english fluently, doors will open. More than 80% of internet is in english. Get easier access to information and opportunity. Get better study, better job, better career, make more money, and share more benefits to others. Jangan sukses sendirian.:-) 9 • 7 RAHASIA LANCAR SPEAKING BAHASA INGGRIS Okay, anda sudah menyelesaikan 7 Rahasia Lancar Speaking Bahasa Inggris. Now you need to use them, and you must use all of them: so that you will learn much more quickly, so that you will understand english very quickly, and so that you will speak english easily, quickly, and automaticly. Thanks to: 1. Youtube.com 2. Effortlessenglishclub.com 3. Deepenglish.com 4. Pimsleurapproach.com 10 • 7 RAHASIA LANCAR SPEAKING BAHASA INGGRIS Ebook 7 Rahasia Lancar Speaking Bahasa Inggris ini hanya kami susun secara ringkas dari berbagai koleksi Free English Video Lessons yang kami miliki. Sehingga masih banyak Rahasia-Rahasia dan Tips-Tips belajar bahasa inggris yang belum kami tulis disini. Dan memang tidak akan kami tulis lagi dalam ebook. Anda sudah mempelajari ebook ini, dan anda pasti sudah tahu bagaimana kekuatan dari listening. SEBAGIAN BESAR orang setelah membaca buku, ebook, ikut seminar, atau training, kemudian mereka hanya mengatakan, “owwwh cuma gitu”, dan ga ada action sama sekali. Bisa ditebak bahwa bulan depan atau bahkan tahun depan, tidak akan ada yang berubah dari diri mereka. Anda bisa memilih untuk menjadi menjadi sebagian besar orang yang hanya BERDIAM DIRI. Atau Anda bisa memilih menjadi orang SPESIAL yang langsung mengambil tindakan (ACTION). ACTION tanpa TAPI dan NANTI, serta lakukan secara KONSISTEN, maka perhatikanlah kemudian Anda akan “terlahir” lagi menjadi seseorang yang baru. ^_^ So, you can start right now. Take action, and start learning english correctly. Get better study, better job, better career, and get easier opportunity. What are you waiting? Tunggu apa lagi. I ‘ll give you three options to take action. • 7 RAHASIA LANCAR SPEAKING BAHASA INGGRIS Untuk anda yang tertarik dengan SEMUA Rahasia dan Tips- Tips Belajar Bahasa Inggris, kami menyediakan koleksi Free English Video Lesson dari 7 website kursus online diluar negeri. Semua materi yang ada dalam ebook yang sudah anda baca, dijelaskan secara detail disini. Dan bahkan RAHASIA dan Tips-Tips belajar bahasa inggris yang tidak kami tulis di dalam ebook, anda akan menemukannya di video ini. Lebih dari 2 GB materi yang berupa 100 video+audio akan anda dapatkan disini. Anda tidak perlu repot-repot untuk mencari dan menghabiskan banyak waktu untuk mendownload semua video tersebut, karena kami sudah menyediakannya untuk anda. Anda hanya tinggal mengganti biaya kami untuk mendownload + burning + biaya pengiriman ke tempat anda. Anda bisa mendapatkan materi Free English Video Lesson tersebut hanya dengan Rp 80.000,- saja + biaya pengiriman. Harga yang sangat murah untuk mengetahui SEMUA Rahasia dalam Belajar Bahasa Inggris. Anda dapat melihat dan mendengarkannya di komputer, laptop, atau anda dapat men-convert-nya ke mp3 dan dengarkan di mp3 player anda. So you can listen real english material, anytime, anywhere. Anda bisa mendapatkan semua Free English Video Lesson melalui: Facebook: Twitter: Instagram: Pin BBM: (Pin:7DBB032F) Tunggu apa lagi? Start right now. Take action, and start learning english correctly. Perfecting your english. And get better study, better job, better career, make more money, and share more benefits to others. OPTION 1 • 7 RAHASIA LANCAR SPEAKING BAHASA INGGRIS Kursus Bahasa Inggris Online Cepat Full Conversation Tanpa Grammar Materi kursus disampaikan oleh Mr. Teguh yang dikemas dalam bentuk AUDIO TEKNOLOGI FULL CONVERSATION dilengkapi dengan EBOOK sebagai panduan belajar. Anda akan mengalami dan merasakan secara nyata kemajuan berbahasa Inggris Anda, bahkan pada pelajaran I. Tidak terbukti, Uang Kembali.' Kursus ini sangat direkomendasikan bagi: Pelajar SMP, SMA, Mahasiswa, Dewasa dan Orang tua yang mau maju & Berkembang Apa yang akan anda dapatkan? Paket Buku Cetak Ekslusive (2 eks) + CD belajar bahasa inggris berisi 32 Modul Audio, Ebook PDF & Software Pelatihan (ongkos kirim gratis-Indonesia) + Bantuan LIVE Suport + Ujian + Sertifikat + Afiliasi Gratis + Membership Forum + Bonus Gratis Mencoba Anda dapat mendownload Materi Conversation Lesson 1-5 gratis, hanya dengan sign up saja. + Anda akan mendapatkan EBOOK GRATIS 68 HALAMAN via Email Hanya dengan sign up saja anda sudah menjadi member dan dapat mendownload gratis lesson 1-5. Ingat, ini gratis. Dan anda dapat mengupgrade kapan pun anda mau menjadi member premium untuk mendapatkan: 2 Buku Cetak Ekslusif + CD berisi Semua 32 Modul Audio Software Pelatihan (gratis dikirim ke OPTION 2 • 7 RAHASIA LANCAR SPEAKING BAHASA INGGRIS alamat rumah) + Bantuan LIVE Suport + Ujian + Sertifikat + Afiliasi Gratis + Membership Forum + Bonus. Biaya Nah ini yang akan membuat anda kaget. Untuk semua fasilitas yang anda dapatkan, anda cukup membayar dengan Rp 229.000,- saja. Coba, kursus mana yang bisa semurah ini. Jika anda ikut kursus bahasa inggris dimana pun, sekali kursus anda bisa mengeluarkan uang Rp 700.000. Itu baru untuk 1 level dan cuma untuk 12-15 pertemuan saja. Bayangkan jika itu ada 3-5 level. Berapa biaya yang harus anda keluarkan? Anda bisa mengeluarkan biaya Rp 2.100.000,- sampai Rp 3.500.000. Tunggu apa lagi? Hanya dengan Rp 229.000,-, anda mendapatkan semua fasilitas tersebut SELAMANYA. Ini yang kami suka, Rp 229.000,- untuk SELAMANYA. Harga Rp 229.000,- ini adalah harga diskon. Jadilah MEMBER PREMIUM sekarang juga, sebelum harganya kembali ke harga normal Rp 500.000. Masih Belum yakin juga.? Ini adalah garansi yang diberikan Mr. C H R I S T M A S is here!!! Add your name or personal message, choose your favorite color or pick your preferred size - customize it for free! ------------------------------------------- Untuk detail informasi & pemesanan bisa contact kami di: Whatsapp: 73 Line: @sweetlittlefleurs ------------------------------------------. ?C H R I S T M A S is here!!! Add your name or personal message, choose your favorite color or pick your preferred size - customize it for free! ------------------------------------------- Untuk detail informasi & pemesanan bisa contact kami di: Whatsapp: 73 Line: @sweetlittlefleurs ------------------------------------------- #sweetlittlefleurs #cushion #pillow #customized #personalized #gift #homedecor #custom #customized #letter #letterpillow #alphabet #alphabetpillow #bantal #bantalhuruf #huruf #hadiah #names #namepillow #namepillows #bantalnama #bantal #bantalsofa #bantalmobil #christmas #christmasgift #holiday #seasonsgreetings #newyear #santa #santaclaus #santaclause Read more. Tips: Kapan Anak Siap Belajar Membaca? Sebelum mengajak anak serius belajar membaca, coba lakukan check list berikut untuk mengetahui apakah anak sudah siap belajar membaca: -- Pengenalan Huruf Apakah anak sudah mengenal huruf dengan baik? Apakah anak mampu menyanyikan. Tips: Kapan Anak Siap Belajar Membaca? Sebelum mengajak anak serius belajar membaca, coba lakukan check list berikut untuk mengetahui apakah anak sudah siap belajar membaca: -- ▪ Pengenalan Huruf ✔Apakah anak sudah mengenal huruf dengan baik? ✔Apakah anak mampu menyanyikan huruf-huruf? ✔Apakah anak mampu menunjuk huruf jika diminta melakukannya? ✔Apakah anak mampu membedakan huruf besar dan kecil? -- ▪ Buku ✔Apakah anak tahu cara memegang buku? ✔Apakah anak tahu bahwa buku dibaca dari halaman terdepan lalu ke belakang? ✔Apakah anak tahu bahwa kalimat dibaca dari kiri ke kanan? ✔Apakah anak tahu bahwa setiap kata yang tercetak pada buku dapat dibaca dan memiliki makna berbeda? -- ▪ Kemampuan Mendengar Bunyi dan Pemenggalan Kata ✔Apakah anak mampu menceritakan kembali/menjawab pertanyaan tentang buku yang baru dibaca? ✔Apakah anak mampu mengenal pemenggalan kata? (misal “apel” itu terdiri “a” dan “pel”) ✔Apakah anak sudah tahu awal dan akhir sebuah kata? (misal kata yang diawali dengan huruf “S”: “sapi”) ✔Apakah anak mampu membedakan kata dengan suara yang hampir sama, misal “bulu” dan “buku”? -- ▪ Motivasi Membaca ✔Apakah anak menikmati waktu membaca? ✔Apakah anak sering berpura-pura membaca? ✔Apakah anak sering minta dibacakan dengan suara keras? ✔Apakah anak selalu ingin tahu arti dari setiap kata-kata baru? (misal penasaran dengan kata abstrak: “besok”, “bahagia” dan lainnya) Bila anak belum siap, coba untuk memenuhinya dulu sebelum mengajaknya belajar membaca. Berikut idenya: 1. Cobalah mendongeng dengan cerita pendek dan buku berwarna-warni. Berikan media bermain yang menyenangkan, seperti: membuat bendera huruf, menyusun balok huruf, bermain puzzle kata, bernyanyi, flash cards, mewarnai huruf/kata. Masa balita adalah masa bermain. Mengenalkan huruf dan belajar membaca pun harus dilakukan dengan bermain pula. Tujuannya agar membaca itu menyenangkan bagi anak. Tips is modified from id.theasianparent.com -- Temukan buku-buku sederhana dan menarik untuk anak di @rabbitholeid. Selain itu, buku-bukunya terjangkau dan juga sangat edukatif. Tunggu apa lagi, segera dapatkan bukunya di @rabbitholeid! (On Picture: 'Asal Mula Namaku' Book from @rabbitholeid) ? Read more. Meskipun ban mobil anda jarang dipaksa sampai kecepatan maksimal. Tak ada salahnya anda mengetahui batas kecepatan maksimum yang dicapai ban tersebut. -Kode huruf P kecepatan maksimumnya 150 km/jam -Kode huruf Q 160 km/jam -Kode huruf R 170 km/jam -Kode huruf S 180 km/jam -Kode.. Meskipun ban mobil anda jarang dipaksa sampai kecepatan maksimal. Tak ada salahnya anda mengetahui batas kecepatan maksimum yang dicapai ban tersebut. -Kode huruf P kecepatan maksimumnya 150 km/jam -Kode huruf Q 160 km/jam -Kode huruf R 170 km/jam -Kode huruf S 180 km/jam -Kode huruf T 190 km/jam -Kode huruf H 210 km/jam -Kode huruf V 240 km/jam -Kode huruf W 270 km/jam -Kode huruf Y >300 km/jam.... Www.dominionbali.com #dominionbali #hsr #hsrwheels #bali #denpasar #singaraja #tabanan #kuta #seminyak #bedugul #kintamani #gianyar #ubud #modifikasimobil #modifikasibali #velgkeren #velgmobilracing #mobilmodifikasi #artikeldominion Read more. Bertenang.ini si cantik sy dan sy nk maen teka teki. Nme dia bermula dgn huruf A berakhir dgn huruf I.tp nme komersial dia bermula dgn huruf S berakhir dgn huruf A.sila teka nme trsebut. Klo tekaan betul sy blanja choki2 20sen. Hbs sudah karangan sy.kbye @fareezibrahim_ #instahack. Bertenang.ini si cantik sy dan sy nk maen teka teki. Nme dia bermula dgn huruf A berakhir dgn huruf I.tp nme komersial dia bermula dgn huruf S berakhir dgn huruf A.sila teka nme trsebut. Klo tekaan betul sy blanja choki2 20sen. Hbs sudah karangan sy.kbye @fareezibrahim_ #instahack #hijackig Read more. Perbedaan Size Tag Label pada adidas superstar slipon yang asli yang atas / yang palsu yang bawah = 1. Huruf yang digunakan / Fone nya sangat berbeda. Yang asli gambar atas cenderung lebih tebal / bold dan gemuk sedangkan yang palsu cenderung gambar bawah cenderung lebih kecil dan kurus. Perbedaan Size Tag Label pada adidas superstar slipon yang asli yang atas / yang palsu yang bawah = 1. Huruf yang digunakan / Fone nya sangat berbeda. Yang asli gambar atas cenderung lebih tebal / bold dan gemuk sedangkan yang palsu cenderung gambar bawah cenderung lebih kecil dan kurus. Garis yang tergambar di bawah tulisan made in yang asli lebih dekat dengan angka dan yang palsu lebih berjarak dengan angka. Tulisan article nya sama keduanya ART tetapi yang asli memiliki huruf S lebih besar dari palsunya. Tulisan adidas di kiri bawah yang asli gambar atas lebih menempel per huruf dibanding yang palsu lebih berjarak. Terdapat kode produksi angka yang berbeda di kanan dan kiri dari setiap sepatu yang asli harus berbeda sedangkan yang palsu memiliki huruf kode angka produksi yang sama baik kanan dan kiri. Contoh gambar diatas kode produksi yang asli. Kanan 38N2VMC200220 sedangkan kiri berbeda 38N2VMC200321. Jadi setiap pasang yang asli harus berbeda kanan dan kiri Sedangkan yang palsu memiliki kode produksi angka yang sama kanan dan kiri 381NVCD201304 kedua kanan dan kiri nya sama. Padahal harus berbeda kanan dan kiri. Kode angka diatas hanya sebagai contoh saja jadi point nya adalah kode angka tersebut harus berbeda antara kanan dan kiri sepatu. CATATAN RINGKAS, apabila ditanya anak/cucu tentang Al-Quran: (tanya jawab) S: Berapa jumlah Surah dlm al-Quran? J: 114 Surah S: Berapa jumlah Juz dlm al-Quran? J: 30 Juz S: Berapa jumlah Hizb dlm al-Quran? J: 60 Hizb S: Berapa jumlah Ayat dlm al-Quran? J: 6236 Ayat S: Berapa. CATATAN RINGKAS, apabila ditanya anak/cucu tentang Al-Quran: (tanya jawab) S: Berapa jumlah Surah dlm al-Quran? J: 114 Surah S: Berapa jumlah Juz dlm al-Quran? J: 30 Juz S: Berapa jumlah Hizb dlm al-Quran? J: 60 Hizb S: Berapa jumlah Ayat dlm al-Quran? J: 6236 Ayat S: Berapa jumlah Kata dlm al-Quran?, dan Berapa Jumlah Hurufnya? J: 77437 Kata, atau 77439 Kata dan 320670 Huruf S: Siapa Malaikat yang disebut dlm al-Quran?, J: Jibril, Mikail, Malik, Malakulmaut, Harut, Marut, Al-Hafazhah, Hamalatul-Arsy, dll. S: Berapa Jumlah Sajdah (ayat Sujud) dlm al-Quran? J: 15 Sajdah S: Berapa Jumlah para Nabi yg disebut dlm Al-Quran? J: 25 Nabi S: Berapa Jumlah Surah Madaniyah dlm al-Quran? J: 28 Surah, al-Baqoroh, al-Imron, al-Nisa' al-Maidah, al-Anfal, al-Tawbah, al-Ra'd, al-Haj, al-Nur, al-Ahzab, Muhammad, al-Fath, al-Hujurat, al-Rahman, al-Hadid, al-Mujadilah, al-Hasyr, al-Mumtahanah, al-Shaf, al-Jum'ah, al-Munafiqun, al-Taghabun, al-Thalaq, al-Tahrim, al-Insan, al-Bayinah, al-Zalzalah, al-Nashr. S: Berapa Jumlah Surah Makiyah dlm al-Quran? J: 86 Surat, selain surah tersebut di atas. S: Berapa Jumlah Surah yg dimulai dgn huruf dlm al-Quran? S: Apakah yg dimaksud dgn Surah Makiyyah?, sebutkan 10 saja. J: Surah Makiyyah adalah Surah yg diturunkan di Makkah sebelum Hijrah, seperti: al-An'am, al-Araf, al-Shaffat, al-Isra', al-Naml, al-Waqi'ah, al-Haqqah, al-Jin, al-Muzammil, al-Falaq. S: Apakah yg dimaksud dgn Surah Madaniyyah? Sebutkan lima saja? J: Surah Madaniyah adalah Surah yg diturunkan di Madinah setelah Hijrah, seperti: al-Baqarah, al-Imran, al-Anfal, al-Tawbah, al-Haj. S: Siapakah nama para Nabi yg disebut dlm Al-Quran? J: Adam, Nuh, Ibrahim, Isma'il, Ishaq, Ya'qub, Musa, Isa, Ayub, Yunus, Harun, Dawud, Sulaiman, Yusuf, Zakaria, Yahya, Ilyas, Alyasa', Luth, Hud, Shalih, Dzul-Kifli, Syuaib, Idris, Muhammad 'alayhi shalatu wa sallam. S: Siapakah satu-satunya nama wanita yg disebut namanya dlm Quran? J: Maryam binti Imran. S: Siapakah satu-satunya nama Sahabat yg disebut namanya dlm al-Quran? J: Zaid bin Haritsah. Rujuk dlm surah Al-Ahzab ayat 37. S: Apakah nama Surah yg tanpa Basmalah? CATATAN RINGKAS, apabila ditanya anak/cucu tentang Al-Quran: (tanya jawab) S: Berapa jumlah Surah dlm al-Quran? J: 114 Surah S: Berapa jumlah Juz dlm al-Quran? J: 30 Juz S: Berapa jumlah Hizb dlm al-Quran? J: 60 Hizb S: Berapa jumlah Ayat dlm al-Quran? J: 6236 Ayat S: Berapa. CATATAN RINGKAS, apabila ditanya anak/cucu tentang Al-Quran: (tanya jawab) S: Berapa jumlah Surah dlm al-Quran? J: 114 Surah S: Berapa jumlah Juz dlm al-Quran? J: 30 Juz S: Berapa jumlah Hizb dlm al-Quran? J: 60 Hizb S: Berapa jumlah Ayat dlm al-Quran? J: 6236 Ayat S: Berapa jumlah Kata dlm al-Quran?, dan Berapa Jumlah Hurufnya? J: 77437 Kata, atau 77439 Kata dan 320670 Huruf S: Siapa Malaikat yang disebut dlm al-Quran?, J: Jibril, Mikail, Malik, Malakulmaut, Harut, Marut, Al-Hafazhah, Hamalatul-Arsy, dll. S: Berapa Jumlah Sajdah (ayat Sujud) dlm al-Quran? J: 15 Sajdah S: Berapa Jumlah para Nabi yg disebut dlm Al-Quran? J: 25 Nabi S: Berapa Jumlah Surah Madaniyah dlm al-Quran? J: 28 Surah, al-Baqoroh, al-Imron, al-Nisa' al-Maidah, al-Anfal, al-Tawbah, al-Ra'd, al-Haj, al-Nur, al-Ahzab, Muhammad, al-Fath, al-Hujurat, al-Rahman, al-Hadid, al-Mujadilah, al-Hasyr, al-Mumtahanah, al-Shaf, al-Jum'ah, al-Munafiqun, al-Taghabun, al-Thalaq, al-Tahrim, al-Insan, al-Bayinah, al-Zalzalah, al-Nashr. S: Berapa Jumlah Surah Makiyah dlm al-Quran? J: 86 Surat, selain surah tersebut di atas. S: Berapa Jumlah Surah yg dimulai dgn huruf dlm al-Quran? S: Apakah yg dimaksud dgn Surah Makiyyah?, sebutkan 10 saja. J: Surah Makiyyah adalah Surah yg diturunkan di Makkah sebelum Hijrah, seperti: al-An'am, al-Araf, al-Shaffat, al-Isra', al-Naml, al-Waqi'ah, al-Haqqah, al-Jin, al-Muzammil, al-Falaq. S: Apakah yg dimaksud dgn Surah Madaniyyah? Sebutkan lima saja? J: Surah Madaniyah adalah Surah yg diturunkan di Madinah setelah Hijrah, seperti: al-Baqarah, al-Imran, al-Anfal, al-Tawbah, al-Haj. S: Siapakah nama para Nabi yg disebut dlm Al-Quran? J: Adam, Nuh, Ibrahim, Isma'il, Ishaq, Ya'qub, Musa, Isa, Ayub, Yunus, Harun, Dawud, Sulaiman, Yusuf, Zakaria, Yahya, Ilyas, Alyasa', Luth, Hud, Shalih, Dzul-Kifli, Syuaib, Idris, Muhammad 'alayhi shalatu wa sallam. S: Siapakah satu-satunya nama wanita yg disebut namanya dlm Quran? J: Maryam binti Imran. S: Siapakah satu-satunya nama Sahabat yg disebut namanya dlm al-Quran? J: Zaid bin Haritsah. Rujuk dlm surah Al-Ahzab ayat 37. S: Apakah nama Surah yg tanpa Basmalah? [PART I] CATATAN RINGKAS, apabila ditanya anak/cucu tentang Al-Quran: (tanya jawab) S: Berapa jumlah Surah dlm al-Quran? J: 114 Surah S: Berapa jumlah Juz dlm al-Quran? J: 30 Juz S: Berapa jumlah Hizb dlm al-Quran? J: 60 Hizb S: Berapa jumlah Ayat dlm al-Quran? J: 6236 Ayat S. [PART I] CATATAN RINGKAS, apabila ditanya anak/cucu tentang Al-Quran: (tanya jawab) S: Berapa jumlah Surah dlm al-Quran? J: 114 Surah S: Berapa jumlah Juz dlm al-Quran? J: 30 Juz S: Berapa jumlah Hizb dlm al-Quran? J: 60 Hizb S: Berapa jumlah Ayat dlm al-Quran? J: 6236 Ayat S: Berapa jumlah Kata dlm al-Quran?, dan Berapa Jumlah Hurufnya? J: 77437 Kata, atau 77439 Kata dan 320670 Huruf S: Siapa Malaikat yang disebut dlm al-Quran?, J: Jibril, Mikail, Malik, Malakulmaut, Harut, Marut, Al-Hafazoh, Al-Kiromulkatibun HamalatulArsy, dll. S: Berapa Jumlah Sajdah (ayat Sujud) dlm al-Quran? J: 14 Sajdah S: Berapa Jumlah para Nabi yg disebut dlm Al-Quran? J: 25 Nabi S: Berapa Jumlah Surah Madaniyah dlm al-Quran?, sebutkan. J: 28 Surah, al-Baqoroh, al-Imron, al-Nisa' al-Maidah, al-Anfal, al-Tawbah, al-Ra'd, al-Haj, al-Nur, al-Ahzab, Muhammad, al-Fath, al-Hujurat, al-Rahman, al-Hadid, al-Mujadilah, al-Hasyr, al-Mumtahanah, al-Shaf, al-Jum'ah, al-Munafiqun, al-Taghabun, al-Thalaq, al-Tahrim, al-Insan, al-Bayinah, al-Zalzalah, al-Nashr. S: Berapa Jumlah Surah Makiyah dlm al-Quran? J: 86 Surat, selain surah tersebut di atas. S: Berapa Jumlah Surah yg dimulai dgn huruf dlm al-Quran? S: Apakah yg dimaksud dgn Surah Makiyyah?, sebutkan 10 saja. J: Surah Makiyyah adalah Surah yg diturunkan di Makkah sebelum Hijrah, seperti: al-An'am, al-Araf, al-Shaffat, al-Isra', al-Naml, al-Waqi'ah, al-Haqqah, al-Jin, al-Muzammil, al-Falaq. S: Apakah yg dimaksud dgn Surah Madaniyyah? Sebutkan lima saja? J: Surah Madaniyah adalah Surah yg diturunkan di Madinah setelah Hijrah, seperti: al-Baqarah, al-Imran, al-Anfal, al-Tawbah, al-Haj. S: Siapakah nama para Nabi yg disebut dlm Al-Quran? J: Adam, Nuh, Ibrahim, Isma'il, Ishaq, Ya'qub, Musa, Isa, Ayub, Yunus, Harun, Dawud, Sulaiman, Yusuf, Zakaria, Yahya, Ilyas, Alyasa', Luth, Hud, Saleh, ZulKifli, Syuaib, Idris, Muhammad Saw.. #likeislam #quran #muslim #islam #dakwah #ntms #selfreminder Read more. Soal jawab al-Quran. S: Berapa jumlah Surah dlm al-Quran? J: 114 Surah S: Berapa jumlah Juz dlm al-Quran? J: 30 Juz S: Berapa jumlah Hizb dlm al-Quran? J: 60 Hizb S: Berapa jumlah Ayat dlm al-Quran? J: 6236 Ayat S: Berapa jumlah Kata dlm al-Quran, dan Berapa Jumlah Hurufnya? Soal jawab al-Quran. S: Berapa jumlah Surah dlm al-Quran? J: 114 Surah S: Berapa jumlah Juz dlm al-Quran? J: 30 Juz S: Berapa jumlah Hizb dlm al-Quran? J: 60 Hizb S: Berapa jumlah Ayat dlm al-Quran? J: 6236 Ayat S: Berapa jumlah Kata dlm al-Quran, dan Berapa Jumlah Hurufnya? J: 77437 Kata, atau 77439 Kata dan 320670 Huruf S: Siapa Malaikat yang disebut dlm al-Quran?, J: Jibril, Mikail, Malik, Malakulmaut, Harut, Marut, Al-Hafazhah, Hamalatul-Arsy, dll. S: Berapa Jumlah Sajdah (ayat Sujud) dlm al-Quran? J: 14 Sajdah S: Berapa Jumlah para Nabi yg disebut dlm Al-Quran? J: 25 Nabi S: Berapa Jumlah Surah Madaniyah dlm al-Quran? J: 28 Surah, al-Baqoroh, al-Imron, al-Nisa' al-Maidah, al-Anfal, al-Tawbah, al-Ra'd, al-Haj, al-Nur, al-Ahzab, Muhammad, al-Fath, al-Hujurat, al-Rahman, al-Hadid, al-Mujadilah, al-Hasyr, al-Mumtahanah, al-Shaf, al-Jum'ah, al-Munafiqun, al-Taghabun, al-Thalaq, al-Tahrim, al-Insan, al-Bayinah, al-Zalzalah, al-Nashr. S: Berapa Jumlah Surah Makiyah dlm al-Quran? Sebutkan J: 86 Surat, selain surah tersebut di atas. S: Berapa Jumlah Surah yg dimulai dgn huruf dlm al-Quran? S: Apakah yg dimaksud dgn Surah Makiyyah?, sebutkan 10 saja. J: Surah Makiyyah adalah Surah yg diturunkan di Makkah sebelum Hijrah, seperti: al-An'am, al-Araf, al-Shaffat, al-Isra', al-Naml, al-Waqi'ah, al-Haqqah, al-Jin, al-Muzammil, al-Falaq. S: Apakah yg dimaksud dgn Surah Madaniyyah? Sebutkan lima saja? J: Surah Madaniyah adalah Surah yg diturunkan di Madinah setelah Hijrah, seperti: al-Baqarah, al-Imran, al-Anfal, al-Tawbah, al-Haj. S: Siapakah nama para Nabi yg disebut dlm Al-Quran? J: Adam, Nuh, Ibrahim, Isma'il, Ishaq, Ya'qub, Musa, Isa, Ayub, Yunus, Harun, Dawud, Sulaiman, Yusuf, Zakaria, Yahya, Ilyas, Alyasa', Luth, Hud, Shalih, Dzul-Kifli, Syuaib, Idris, Muhammad 'alayhi shalatu wa sallam. Mahu lebih banyak soalan dan jawapan tentang al-Quran? Baca sambungannya di page FB Headwithserban. #headwithserban Read more. Perbandingan balon huruf ukuran 70cm dan 40cm pink motif love Huruf 'S' ukuran 70cm (15000/biji) Huruf 'oon' ukuran 40cm (10000/biji) Balon polkadot: 10000/pack isi 8 Stick balon: 4000/pack isi 10 Order? Sms: 10 Wa: 45 Line: @bbf5962n /monicasanchia Bbm. Perbandingan balon huruf ukuran 70cm dan 40cm pink motif love Huruf 'S'➡ukuran 70cm (15000/biji) Huruf 'oon'➡ukuran 40cm (10000/biji) Balon polkadot: 10000/pack isi 8 Stick balon: 4000/pack isi 10 Order? Sms: 10 Wa: 45 Line: @bbf5962n /monicasanchia Bbm: 579D3FEC #rumahplastikmalang #malang #murah #party #paperstrawmurah #balonfoil #balonulangtahun #flagbanner #buntingflag #gelaskertas #gelasultah #balonlove #topiultah #airwalkerballoon #balonhurufmurah #balonhuruf #jualbalonhuruf #jualbalonmurah #jualbalonmalang #balonwagir #balonblitar #balonkepanjen #balondenpasar #balonwlingi #balonbatam #balonmojokerto #balonriau #balonbatu #balontulungagung #balonpapua Read more. S Small (18x15cm) Code: M04 Get your own pillows for you and your loved ones! For more information and order: Tara| + 7480 Line: hellopillows BBM: 523AD5BA Email: #hellopillows #pillow #bantal #alphabetic #huruf #bantalhuruf #custompillow. S Small (18x15cm) Code: M04 Get your own pillows for you and your loved ones! ? For more information and order: Tara| + 7480 Line: hellopillows BBM: 523AD5BA Email: #hellopillows #pillow #bantal #alphabetic #huruf #bantalhuruf #custompillow #color #pattern #cute #online #teddy #bear #ribbon #red #merah #S Read more. Sesuatu yang dimulai dengan huruf 'S' Mungkin beberapa Sosok lebih tau apa yang bisa dimulai dengan huruf 'S' dalam hari saya. 8 arah mata angin yang ditengahi, Hati, yang Semakin Sulit ditembus. Sesuatu yang dimulai dengan huruf 'S' Mungkin beberapa Sosok lebih tau apa yang bisa dimulai dengan huruf 'S' dalam hari saya. 8 arah mata angin yang ditengahi, Hati, yang Semakin Sulit ditembus. Mungkin karena Sudah terlampau lapuk. Atau lapuk hanya dijadikan alasan Rasa untuk bermalas-malasan di tempatmu dulu duduk, walau Sejenak. #somethingthatstartswiths oh I know-- #shark Read more. Rambu ini (huruf S dicoret) apa artinya anak-anak? Tanya guru kepada murid2nya. Dilarang berhenti,bu', jawab anak-anak. Sepulang dari sekolah, ada salah satu murid yang tadi sudah belajar rambu lalu lintas di kelas, pergi bersama orang tuanya mengendarai mobil. Sepanjang jalan. Rambu ini (huruf S dicoret) apa artinya anak-anak? Tanya guru kepada murid2nya. Dilarang berhenti,bu', jawab anak-anak. Sepulang dari sekolah, ada salah satu murid yang tadi sudah belajar rambu lalu lintas di kelas, pergi bersama orang tuanya mengendarai mobil. Sepanjang jalan, si anak menceritakan apa yang dipelajari di kelas tadi kepada kedua orang tuanya. Sambil bercerita, tiba2 ayahnya berhenti tepat di rambu dilarangan berhenti. Kemudian si anak berkata 'Ayah, ini tanda dilarang berhenti. Tadi saya diberi pertanyaan oleh bu guru tentang tanda ini'. Sambil membuka pintu mobil, si ayah tidak menghiraukan pernyataan anaknya. Kemudian anak tersebut bertanya kepada ibunya, 'Bu, kenapa ayah berhenti di rambu dilarang berhenti?' Kemudian ibunya menjawab, 'memang itu rambu dilarang berhenti nak. Tetapi kalau hanya sebentar tidak apa' Si anak kemudian terdiam dan kebingungan. Terjadi konflik pemahaman & juga perasaan dalam dirinya. Yang tadinya di sekolah diajarkan bahwa rambu tersebut berarti dilarang berhenti, tetapi realita yang didapat dari orang tuanya berbeda. Keesokan harinya, si anak tersebut langsung menemui ibu gurunya. Dengan didorong oleh pemahaman atas realita yang dilihat & didengar langsung dari orang tuanya, si anak langsung berkata kepada gurunya, 'Bu, Ibu guru salah kemarin!' Kata si anak. Ibu guru tersebut mengernyitkan dahinya. Kemudian bertanya kepada si anak.' Maksudnya apa nak? 'tanya bu guru kepada si anak. Anak tersebut langsung menjawab, 'Kemarin ibu guru menjelaskan kalau rambu dengan huruf S yang dicoret itu dilarang berhenti tetapi waktu saya & ayah ibu berhenti tepat di rambu dilarang berhenti, ibu saya bilang, memang itu tanda dilarang berhenti tetapi kalau hanya sebentar tidak apa2! Ibu guru terdiam. Banyak kejadian seperti ini ditengah-tengah kita. Belajar dari sekolah sekaligus belajar dari realitas kehidupan orang tua dimana seringkali bertentangan. Apalagi bicara tentang cara belajar anak-anak yang sebagian besar akan menghubungkan apa yang didengar dan dilihatnya khususnya dari orang tua. Lokasi: Simpang 3 Antasari Citizen journalism: @azarianfa #HalloSamarinda #HalloSMR Read more. BK - Sweater Tano Batak.grey Tersedia dari ukuran S - XXL. Warna grey, black dan dark blue. Hayo di order, sebelum kehabisan. Order bisa via website www.batakshop.com atau Sms/WA: 40 PIN: 750A8AAB #kaosbatak #kaos #etnik #batak #bataktoba #gorga #gorgabatak #kaosdistro. BK - Sweater Tano Batak.grey Tersedia dari ukuran S - XXL. Warna grey, black dan dark blue. Hayo di order, sebelum kehabisan. Order bisa via website www.batakshop.com atau Sms/WA: 40 PIN: 750A8AAB #kaosbatak #kaos #etnik #batak #bataktoba #gorga #gorgabatak #kaosdistro #distro #kaosetnik #ethnic #khasbatak #kaosmedan #horas #medan #sumaterautara #bataktoba #Pinlo #Pinahan #Lobu #batakland #aksarabatak #tulisan #huruf #gorga #hariara #gorgahariara #jaket #sweater #hoody Read more. Siapa suruh pacaran di Ruang Publik, kan banyak orang jail. Mengapa mereka memilih pacaran dibalik huruf R. Mungkin biar Romantis. Klo dibalik huruf S nanti jadi Somantis. *saya tidak mengenal dua orang yg Pacaran itu*. Heheh #latepost #trivia #makassar #indonesia #traveling. Siapa suruh pacaran di Ruang Publik, kan banyak orang jail. Mengapa mereka memilih pacaran dibalik huruf R. Mungkin biar Romantis. Klo dibalik huruf S nanti jadi Somantis. *saya tidak mengenal dua orang yg Pacaran itu*. Heheh ?? #latepost #trivia #makassar #indonesia #traveling #uhyeaaah Read more. AlHamdulillah, Slight pause from Aqsa, But began again for this month and reached again today. May Allāh allow us to connect with his book, Not only in this month but for the times to come! Ameen Note and point of benefit for today; The conditions Of Tawbah, for the acceptance of. AlHamdulillah, Slight pause from Aqsa, But began again for this month and reached again today. May Allāh allow us to connect with his book, Not only in this month but for the times to come! Ameen Note and point of benefit for today; The conditions Of Tawbah, for the acceptance of one's repentance i.A: -Sadness (from commiting the sin) -Sincerity -Stopping that sin -Strong determination not to return to that sin -To repent before your time in the dunya passes or القيامة arises -To return the right of the creation if they have been wronged #Aqsa #Alaqsa #masjid #Palestine #quds #salah #Quran #Ramadan #qiyam #Tawbah #repentance #mumineen #muminaat #Sadiqeen #sadiqaat #arabic #huruf #Islam #Deen #peace #love #فلسطين #فلسطيني #المبارك #الأقصى #القدس #المقدس ~RR~ Read more. [DISKON • All Items 95k/baju + EXTRA DISC 10% for Halloween Series]. - ALL ITEM 95k Berlaku utk pembelian semua kode barang (ALL ITEM) - Extra DISC 10% utk pembelian Halloween Series. Periode 27-28 Oct 2016.. Harga: 95.000/pcs, 190.000/couple (harga lengan pendek, sudah diskon. [DISKON • All Items 95k/baju + EXTRA DISC 10% for Halloween Series]. - ALL ITEM 95k Berlaku utk pembelian semua kode barang (ALL ITEM) - Extra DISC 10% utk pembelian Halloween Series. Periode 27-28 Oct 2016.. Harga: 95.000/pcs, 190.000/couple (harga lengan pendek, sudah diskon, belum termasuk ongkir, belum Extra Disc 10%). Diskon dari harga normal 114rb/baju.. Bisa pesan satuan/pasangan, pilih size (S,M,L,XL,XXL), pesan lengan panjang. ================================== FREE Shipping Worldwide for order over US$50 T-shirt price: US$15/pcs or US$30/couple ================================== #samesameclothing #huruf #kaoscouple #kaoscouplemurah #bajucouple #bajucouplemurah #jualan #onlineshop #onlineshopindo #olshop #olshopindo #prewed #prewedding #couple #coupleshirt #kaoscewe #fashion #bandung #bandungolshop #hadiah #bdgolshop #kaospasangan #bajupasangan #reseller #kaoshuruf #fashioncewe #kaosfamily Read more. Kryptos berasal dari bahasa Yunani yang berarti 'tersembunyi' dan dapat disebut juga sebagai sebuah perenungan terhadap alam, sifat alami kerahasiaan, kerumitan, kebenaran, dan pesan itu semuanya disampaikan dalam kode.. Banyak ilmuwan yang memperkirakan bahwa teka-teki kode. Kryptos berasal dari bahasa Yunani yang berarti 'tersembunyi' dan dapat disebut juga sebagai sebuah perenungan terhadap alam, sifat alami kerahasiaan, kerumitan, kebenaran, dan pesan itu semuanya disampaikan dalam kode.. Banyak ilmuwan yang memperkirakan bahwa teka-teki kode yang tersembunyi di Kryptos akan terpecahkan dalam kurun waktu 7 tahun. Namun, nyatanya sudah lebih dari 20 tahun lamanya kode-kode tersebut belum juga terpecahkan hingga sekarang.. Seperti kamu lihat pada gambar di atas, Kryptos memiliki bentuk menyerupai kertas yang dilengkungkan atau lebih tepatnya membentuk huruf 'S'. Di dalamnya berisi banyak huruf yang disusun secara acak dan dipercaya memiliki makna tersendiri. Kryptos sendiri memiliki beberapa bagian dan hanya 3 bagian yang sudah berhasil dipecahkan oleh para ilmuwan dan staff CIA yaitu K1, K2, dan K3. Sayangnya jawaban dari ketiga bagian tersebut malah menghasilkan prosa yang rumit, sehingga semakin sulit untuk mencari tau makna dari bagian yang belum terpecahkan yaitu K4 yang berisi 97 karakter.. Salah satunya seorang pria yang bernama Randy Thompson, Ia telah menghabiskan waktu selam 3 tahun untuk memecahkan teka-teki itu. 'Aku rasa aku sudah dekat dengan jawabannya. Bisa besok, atau bisa juga aku menghabiskan seumur hidupku untuk menemukannya.' 'Hal ini sesungguhnya menggambarkan kondisi CIA sendiri, penuh kerahasiaan dan kerahasiaan itu menarik rasa ingin tahu banyak orang. Orang-orang menjulukiku agen 'setan' karena aku tidak mau memberitahukan rahasiaku,' jelas Sanborn sambil tersenyum. Namun Kryptos akan mengungkapkan rahasianya yang terdalam seiring dengan berjalannya waktu.. Apakah kamu sudah mengetahui Kryptos sebelumnya? Menurutmu pesan apa yang ingin disampaikan oleh CIA melalui monumen ini? Bagikan di kolom komentar ya. Penulis: Mitos Sumber: Blog Enigma #Indonesia #Cerita #Mitos #Fakta #Sejarah #Jakarta #Konspirasi #LuarAngkasa #Mitologi #Misterius #CeritadanMitos #Creepyvideo #kryptos #CIA Read more. Nama yang bermula dari huruf 'S' 'N' dan 'A'. Seorang yang: sweet [色] melting bila ada orang panggil 'sayang'[害羞] sporting [呲牙] garang [发怒] sombong [右哼哼] jual mahal [委屈] tak suka orang reply lambat [阴险] kuat merajuk [可怜] cepat terasa hati [疯了] cepat jatuh cinta [偷笑] suka memendam. Nama yang bermula dari huruf 'S' 'N' dan 'A'. Seorang yang: sweet [色] melting bila ada orang panggil 'sayang'[害羞] sporting [呲牙] garang [发怒] sombong [右哼哼] jual mahal [委屈] tak suka orang reply lambat [阴险] kuat merajuk [可怜] cepat terasa hati [疯了] cepat jatuh cinta [偷笑] suka memendam [白眼] malu berterus terang[糗大了] suka ketawa [冷汗] taknak mengalah [抓狂] pantang ditipu [酷] jujur [惊讶] cepat sayang orang [冷汗] caring [饥饿] nakal[亲亲] #aku copy sbb nama aku mula ngan huruf N Read more. BK - Sweeter Tano Batak.darkblue Tersedia dari ukuran S - XXL. Warna grey, black dan dark blue. Hayo di order, sebelum kehabisan. Order bisa via website www.batakshop.com atau Sms/WA: 40 PIN: 750A8AAB #kaosbatak #kaos #etnik #batak #bataktoba #gorga #gorgabatak #kaosdistro. BK - Sweeter Tano Batak.darkblue Tersedia dari ukuran S - XXL. Warna grey, black dan dark blue. Hayo di order, sebelum kehabisan. Order bisa via website www.batakshop.com atau Sms/WA: 40 PIN: 750A8AAB #kaosbatak #kaos #etnik #batak #bataktoba #gorga #gorgabatak #kaosdistro #distro #kaosetnik #ethnic #khasbatak #kaosmedan #horas #medan #sumaterautara #bataktoba #Pinlo #Pinahan #Lobu #batakland #aksarabatak #tulisan #huruf #gorga #hariara #gorgahariara #jaket #sweater #hoody Read more. BK - Sweater Tano Batak.black Tersedia dari ukuran S - XXL. Warna grey, black dan dark blue. Hayo di order, sebelum kehabisan. Order bisa via website www.batakshop.com atau Sms/WA: 40 PIN: 750A8AAB #kaosbatak #kaos #etnik #batak #bataktoba #gorga #gorgabatak #kaosdistro. BK - Sweater Tano Batak.black Tersedia dari ukuran S - XXL. Warna grey, black dan dark blue. Hayo di order, sebelum kehabisan. Order bisa via website www.batakshop.com atau Sms/WA: 40 PIN: 750A8AAB #kaosbatak #kaos #etnik #batak #bataktoba #gorga #gorgabatak #kaosdistro #distro #kaosetnik #ethnic #khasbatak #kaosmedan #horas #medan #sumaterautara #bataktoba #Pinlo #Pinahan #Lobu #batakland #aksarabatak #tulisan #huruf #gorga #hariara #gorgahariara #jaket #sweater #hoody Read more. Kenapa saya memilih 5? Karena nama aku diawali huruf S yg sekilas sama dengan angka 5 2. Karena nama someone dulu 5 huruf #kodee 3. Karena saya sering dapat nilai 5 dulu -_- 4. Karena angka 5 itu unik. Coba dibalik, tetap sama kan jadi angka 5 5. Sudah ya cukup hihihi! Intinya gtu lah Kenapa saya memilih 5? Karena nama aku diawali huruf S yg sekilas sama dengan angka 5 2. Karena nama someone dulu 5 huruf #kodee 3. Karena saya sering dapat nilai 5 dulu -_- 4. Karena angka 5 itu unik. Coba dibalik, tetap sama kan jadi angka 5 5. Sudah ya cukup hihihi! Intinya gtu lah. Terima kasih buat Mama, Papa, Kak Tyas, dan Adik Tria. Makasih, lho, ini, udah dibilang Teteh Genduts. Pake huruf 's' segala lagi. Udah gitu, kayaknya Mbak-mbak Breadtalk-nya lagi galau sampe lupa nambahin huruf 'y' di tulisan happy. Waw warbyasak! Semoga di umur 21 ini, anak kedua Papa. Terima kasih buat Mama, Papa, Kak Tyas, dan Adik Tria. Makasih, lho, ini, udah dibilang Teteh Genduts. Pake huruf 's' segala lagi. Udah gitu, kayaknya Mbak-mbak Breadtalk-nya lagi galau sampe lupa nambahin huruf 'y' di tulisan happy. Waw warbyasak! Semoga di umur 21 ini, anak kedua Papa Mama makin baik dalam banyak hal, lulus S1 cepat, lanjut S2 lancar, melewati S3 dengan peluh yang menghasilkan. Mudah-mudahan bisa jadi tokoh perempuan yang membuat bahasa Indonesia semakin banyak penggemar dan penggunanya. Bisa dapat pria yang seiman dan sepadan, nggak muluk-muluk yang penting mah Direktur Chevron, ya, Mah, Pah?:p #HBD21Dwitasari Read more. Berikut ini hasil karya lengkap dari teman-teman yang ikut #AksaRabu dengan tema Flourish February. Banyak yang masih coba-coba dan banyak juga yang sudah bagus mengaplikasikan Flourish sebagai ornamen dari karya #Handlettering Terima kasih banyak ya sudah ikutan. Flourish memang. Berikut ini hasil karya lengkap dari teman-teman yang ikut #AksaRabu dengan tema Flourish February. Banyak yang masih coba-coba dan banyak juga yang sudah bagus mengaplikasikan Flourish sebagai ornamen dari karya #Handlettering Terima kasih banyak ya sudah ikutan. Flourish memang butuh trik untuk mengaplikasikannya karena butuh waktu berlatih dan analisa supaya hasil akhirnya terlihat proposional dan enak dipandang mata. Harus selalu diingat bahwa tujuan dibuatnya flourish adalah untuk ornamen/hiasan untuk huruf, kata, dan juga keseluruhan karya, sehingga ketika membuat Flourish jangan sampai menenggelamkan karya utamanya atau istilahnya over-flourish. Untuk alat, flourish tidak hanya bisa dibuat dengan #PointedPen tapi juga bisa pakai #Broadpen, Brush, dan Pensil. Untuk yang baru mulai, berikut ini beberapa tipsnya: 1. Latihan dengan bentuk dasar flourish yaitu Oval, lalu kembangkan latihannya menjadi bentuk huruf S, angka 8 dan spiral. Usahakan membentuk flourish yang sejajar atau aligned dengan garis baseline dan juga slant 3. Jangan menumpuk garis flourish yang sama-sama tebal. Kalau baru belajar ketika membuat karya sebaiknya flourish disketsa dulu pakai pensil. Banyak-banyaklah lihat karya calligraphy atau lettering dengan flourish untuk perbanyak referensi dan mempelajari garis yang dibuat. Oh iya, tutorialnya juga sudah banyak di internet, coba google dengan: flourishing calligraphy tutorial Semoga berguna #TipsKaligrafina di kolase #Aksarabu bulan ini Read more. Happy birthday kawan!! Nak buat huruf S belum cukup skill. E pon boleh lah ye.yang penting topping coklat tu.. Ingatkan gambar ni ntah mana hilang,rupanya dah transfer ke tempat lain... Ada yang nak tempah huruf mcm ni tak? Whatsapp saya Happy birthday kawan!! Nak buat huruf S belum cukup skill. E pon boleh lah ye.yang penting topping coklat tu ??.. Ingatkan gambar ni ntah mana hilang,rupanya dah transfer ke tempat lain... Ada yang nak tempah huruf mcm ni tak? Whatsapp saya. Confero S merupakan produk pertana Wuling yang masuk ke Indonesia. Confero S memiliki arti “Untuk kebersamaan”. Nama Confero S dipilih karena terinspirasi oleh budaya di Indonesia yang sangat menghargai kebersamaan bersama keluarga. Sementara huruf S pada Confero S merupakan singkatan. Confero S merupakan produk pertana Wuling yang masuk ke Indonesia. Confero S memiliki arti “Untuk kebersamaan”. Nama Confero S dipilih karena terinspirasi oleh budaya di Indonesia yang sangat menghargai kebersamaan bersama keluarga. Sementara huruf S pada Confero S merupakan singkatan dari kata Sport. Kunjungi pameran Wuling di Main Lobby Plaza Medan Fair Read more. Dah berpuluh puluh tahun hidup, bila dia kenal dengan i baru dia sedar yang dia tak boleh sebut huruf 'S' sebenarnya. S jadi 'eth'. Sebab dapat partner yang kuat mengejek. Everytime dia sebut perkataan yang ada S jadi 'eth' mesti i ejek. Sejak tu bru dia sedar dia x boleh sebut S. ? Thaya thayang. Dah berpuluh puluh tahun hidup, bila dia kenal dengan i baru dia sedar yang dia tak boleh sebut huruf 'S' sebenarnya. S jadi 'eth'. Sebab dapat partner yang kuat mengejek. Everytime dia sebut perkataan yang ada S jadi 'eth' mesti i ejek. Sejak tu bru dia sedar dia x boleh sebut S. ? Thaya thayang awak. #ekekek Read more. Liputan6.com, Jakarta - Microsoft baru saja mendaftarkan paten untuk sebuah logo misterius huruf 'S'. Logo itu ditemukan pertama kali oleh pengguna NeoGAF. Dikutip dari NeoGAF, Rabu (7/6/2017), logo misterius ini berhubungan dengan konsol game yang digunakan bersamaan dengan. Liputan6.com, Jakarta - Microsoft baru saja mendaftarkan paten untuk sebuah logo misterius huruf 'S'. Logo itu ditemukan pertama kali oleh pengguna NeoGAF. Dikutip dari NeoGAF, Rabu (7/6/2017), logo misterius ini berhubungan dengan konsol game yang digunakan bersamaan dengan layar eksternal atau monitor; unit remote kontrol game interaktif; dan software game untuk digunakan pada komputer dan konsol game. Belum jelas apakah logo 'S' ini ada hubungannya dengan game baru untuk konsol Xbox One, atau berhubungan dengan konsol Project Scorpio. Jika ditelusuri, momen pendaftaran paten logo misterius tersebut terlalu 'sempurna'. Apalagi Microsoft baru-baru ini mengumumkan dev kit untuk Project Scorpio. Tak hanya itu, Microsoft juga kabarnya akan memenuhi janjinya untuk mengungkap nama resmi, harga, dan bentuk konsol Xbox Project Scorpio di ajang E3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo) 2017 pekan depan. Belum jelas apakah Microsoft bakal memilih nama Xbox Scorpio, Xbox S, atau nama lainnya. Yang pasti, tabir misteri yang menyelubungi konsol baru Microsoft ini akan terungkap pekan depan. #beritagram #beritagramtech Read more. Informasi tempat membuat balon untuk promosi dan dekorasi @usahapercetakan Info promosi percetakan iklan brosur dll hub Bpk arbib hub: WA 08 Cetak brosur Koran Majalah Kalender Aneka perlengkapan promosi usahapercetakan cetak design murah template kalender. #Repost @griyarungkutkids with @repostapp ・・・ LELANG. ORIGINAL SKECHERS S'LIGHT lampu bisa nyala di bagian sol sepatu dan huruf 'S' Size 29 (insole 18cm) Lampu kiri Hidup & Lampu KANAN Mati No Box 100% New bukan bekas Harga mulai 150.000 Bid 10.000 Normal price 799.000 Yang. #Repost @griyarungkutkids with @repostapp ・・・ LELANG. ORIGINAL SKECHERS S'LIGHT lampu bisa nyala di bagian sol sepatu dan huruf 'S' Size 29 (insole 18cm) Lampu kiri Hidup & Lampu KANAN Mati No Box 100% New bukan bekas Harga mulai 150.000 Bid 10.000 Normal price 799.000 Yang mau ikutan nge-bid bs langsung komen fotonya di Instagram @griyaRungkutKids, LELANG berakhir 28 April jam 9 malam ya. #Repost @griyarungkutkids with @repostapp ・・・ LELANG. ORIGINAL SKECHERS S'LIGHT lampu bisa nyala di bagian sol sepatu dan huruf 'S' Size 29 (insole 18cm) Lampu kiri Hidup & Lampu KANAN Mati No Box 100% New bukan bekas Harga mulai 150.000 Bid 10.000 Normal price 799.000 Yang. #Repost @griyarungkutkids with @repostapp ・・・ LELANG. ORIGINAL SKECHERS S'LIGHT lampu bisa nyala di bagian sol sepatu dan huruf 'S' Size 29 (insole 18cm) Lampu kiri Hidup & Lampu KANAN Mati No Box 100% New bukan bekas Harga mulai 150.000 Bid 10.000 Normal price 799.000 Yang mau ikutan nge-bid bs langsung komen fotonya di Instagram @griyaRungkutKids, LELANG berakhir 29 April jam 9 malam ya. Buat kamu yang bingung mau cari tempat ngerayain #BirthdayParty ada pilihan Paket Teen Birthday Party loh di D'Taste - - Pilihan Menu Makanannya banyak, Dapat Free Tart CA Chocolate dan bisa ditambah atribut party kaya balon2 huruf kaya gituu Mau pake Badut Karekter dan MC juga. Buat kamu yang bingung mau cari tempat ngerayain #BirthdayParty ada pilihan Paket Teen Birthday Party loh di D'Taste - - Pilihan Menu Makanannya banyak, Dapat Free Tart CA Chocolate dan bisa ditambah atribut party kaya balon2 huruf kaya gituu ?? Mau pake Badut Karekter dan MC juga bisaa loh, ???? - Untuk reservasi silahkan hubungi Pak @ipux.s Atau line @jnpgroup - D'Taste Bistro Vansquare Building (Lantai 2) Jl. 405-409 Pekanbaru Read more. Setelah 4 hari bermeditasi, mendaki gunung, melewati lembah dan membelah samudra. Ku terima tantangan kalian @tomoosandy @noormarizka #20factsaboutme 1. Nama Lengkap: Leony Bintara, panggilan: Leo, nyonk, nge, primping, jablay, lonte ( yg suka manggil gua dengan. Setelah 4 hari bermeditasi, mendaki gunung, melewati lembah dan membelah samudra. Ku terima tantangan kalian @tomoosandy @noormarizka #20factsaboutme 1. Nama Lengkap: Leony Bintara, panggilan: Leo, nyonk, nge, primping, jablay, lonte ( yg suka manggil gua dengan dua nama terakhir itu manusia manusia laknat) 2. Dikit lagi selesai sama urusan kampus, udah sidang sarjana dan tinggal wisuda tanggal 19 oktober besok. Yeeeaaaayyy ?? 3. Meskipun agak selengean, tapi tetep mentingin urusan pendidikan. Buktinya lulus S1 pas 4 tahun #sombong 4. Suka heboh sendiri, teriak teriakan sendiri. Mungkin karna itu gua dipanggil lonte. Suka ngomongin orang (everybody loves this one, yakan?) 6. Jurusan sastra inggris, jadi nanti akan ada huruf S.S di belakang nama akoooohh ? 7. Kalo kata @widiyaleviosa suka ngupil ? 8. Pernah jatoh ke got gara gara dikejar anjing. Pernah nonton film Conjuring sendiri di bioskop, alhasil pulangnya pucet. Waktu SMP dan SMA pernah makan dan ga bayar di kantin. Maaf ya bu kantin. Aku hilaf, nanti diganti kalo aku berkunjung ke sana. GAK SUKA MATEMATIKA!!! Dongo dalam matematika. Tertarik untuk go internasional. Hellooooww Leoooo, lo kira lo siapa?? Mungkin sedikit agak lenjeh yaa. Lagi suka banget ngeliat @kendalljenner 15. Kadang kadang jadi anak rumahan banget, bisa betah di rumah berhari-hari. I hate my cheeks, they look so pluuuuuump ?? 17. Kalo ngemil suka enggak tau diri. Pernah nangis waktu ulang tahun dikasih sop kambing. Pernah bikin video niru niru Beyonce di rumah temen. Pas ngeliat langaung pengen bunuh diri. Yang terakhiiiiirr, mungkin ini terkesan basi tapi. Ya sudahlah Seneng bgt punya temen temen yg seperti kalian, ngerasa bersyukur aja bisa kenal dan temenan sama kalian. Baik temen dari SD, SMP, SMA, dan kuliah. I love yooouuuu Yaapp those are my facts. Some of them are disgusting, right?? Maaf ya kalo ngeganggu, cuma buat seneng seneng aja kok. People that I tagged, you're the next!!! Im waiting your facts!!! #S for Senin Senin adalah hari dimana orang-orang begitu parno menghadapinya, hari yang kurang disukai dibanding hari yang lain karena tersugesti oleh ungkapan 'I hate Monday'. Padahal kalo dipikir-pikir, Senin itu tidak salah. Hanya karena weekend 2 hari yang digunakan untuk main-main,jalan-jalan,tidur-tidur. #S for Senin Senin adalah hari dimana orang-orang begitu parno menghadapinya, hari yang kurang disukai dibanding hari yang lain karena tersugesti oleh ungkapan 'I hate Monday'. Padahal kalo dipikir-pikir, Senin itu tidak salah. Hanya karena weekend 2 hari yang digunakan untuk main-main,jalan-jalan,tidur-tidur de el el kenapa jadi harus benci Senin? *jreng.jreng.drama* Yuuk ah kita hadapi Senin besok dengan wajah cerah ceria mempesona,tak ada kata benci,tak ada dusta diantaranya ahahaa Huruf C udah belomm?kalo belom sayah haturkan sodari @dimehime untuk tugas selanjutnya;) #photochallenge #d4amoment #alphabet #Monday Read more. Selamat ulang tahun, jodohku! Kamu pasti bisa kok ngomong huruf 's', kalo kamu gabisa ngomong 's' masa nanti kamu manggil aku allytha? Kan galucu oiya kado dr kamu kemarin udh sampe kok, makasih ya aku suka bgt kok mukenanya aku jg udh ngirim kado buat kamu kok, besok cek aja depan pintu ya. Selamat ulang tahun, jodohku! Kamu pasti bisa kok ngomong huruf 's', kalo kamu gabisa ngomong 's' masa nanti kamu manggil aku allytha? Kan galucu? oiya kado dr kamu kemarin udh sampe kok, makasih ya aku suka bgt kok mukenanya? aku jg udh ngirim kado buat kamu kok, besok cek aja depan pintu ya, pokoknya kalo kado dr aku udh sampe, kamu imamin aku ya❤️❤️?? oiya salam jg ya buat member yg lain, bilang gini 'i love you guys' tp kamu jangan cemburu, kan jodoh aku mah kamu❤️?????? #happysehunday #happybirthdaysehun #happy21thsehunday Read more. D O A 3 huruf yang memiliki banyak makna. Punya berjuta harapan dan ribuan hasil. Inframe @s_rohmah #merbabu #3142mdpl #doa #pendakicantik #parapejalan #instagunung #exploregunung #indotravellers #backpackerjakarta #jalan2man #jalan2terus #mainsebentar #id_pendaki. D O A 3 huruf yang memiliki banyak makna. Punya berjuta harapan dan ribuan hasil. Inframe @s_rohmah #merbabu #3142mdpl #doa #pendakicantik #parapejalan #instagunung #exploregunung #indotravellers #backpackerjakarta #jalan2man #jalan2terus #mainsebentar #id_pendaki #indomountain #hijab Read more. #Repost @adventureborneo ・・・ Salah satu cerita unik kami team #AdventureBorneo selama di #CampLeakey adalah ketika bertemu Siswi, 35tahun, #orangutan betina yang populer di sini, jika Anda memasuki kawasan Camp Leakey, tidak jarang siswi akan menyambut dan segera memeluk akrab. #Repost @adventureborneo ・・・ Salah satu cerita unik kami team #AdventureBorneo selama di #CampLeakey adalah ketika bertemu Siswi, 35tahun, #orangutan betina yang populer di sini, jika Anda memasuki kawasan Camp Leakey, tidak jarang siswi akan menyambut dan segera memeluk akrab kaki orang terdekatnya, Camp Leakey merupakan camp terbesar ketiga yang kami kunjungi, disini terdapat fasilitas yang lebih lengkap untuk mendukung penelitian, rehabilitasi bahkan klinik bagi orangutan. Kita dapat melihat silsilah orang hutan yang telah di rehabilitasi hingga berkembang biak. Seperti Siswi yang memiliki ibu bernama Siswoyo, silsilah dari orang utan dapat dilihat dari nama-namanya, jika sang ibu berawalan huruf 'S' maka anak-anaknya juga akan berawalan 'S' seperti Siswi, Siswa, Sugiharto dan lainnya, hal ini bertujuan untuk memudahkan dalam penelitian serta mengenali masing-masing karakter orang utan. Selain istilah keluarga orang utan, ada juga informasi mengenai kehidupan orang utan, dan dasar-dasar pengetahuan tentang salah satu spicies tercantik didunia ini. #AdventureBorneoFact Read more. #inspirasi Motif 'Batik Parang' merupakan salah satu motif batik yang paling tua di Indonesia.Parang berasal dari kata Pereng yang berarti lereng.Perengan menggambarkan sebuah garis menurun dari tinggi ke rendah secara diagonal. Susunan motif S jalin-menjalin tidak terputus melambangkan. #inspirasi Motif 'Batik Parang' merupakan salah satu motif batik yang paling tua di Indonesia.Parang berasal dari kata Pereng yang berarti lereng.Perengan menggambarkan sebuah garis menurun dari tinggi ke rendah secara diagonal. Susunan motif S jalin-menjalin tidak terputus melambangkan kesinambungan.Bentuk dasar huruf S diambil dari ombak samudra yang menggambarkan semangat yang tidak pernah padam. Batik ini merupakan batik asli Indonesia yang sudah ada sejak zaman keraton Mataram Kartasura (Solo). #batik #batikparang #batikindonesia #tradisional #etnikindonesia #indonesiakaya #weddingdecoration #dekorasitradisional #javanese #kainindonesia Read more. Informasi tempat membuat balon untuk promosi dan dekorasi @usahapercetakan Info promosi percetakan iklan brosur dll hub Bpk arbib hub: WA 08 Cetak brosur Koran Majalah Kalender Aneka perlengkapan promosi usahapercetakan cetak design murah template kalender. Tau nggak sih? Batik parang adalah salah satu motif batik paling tua di Indonesia dan mempunyai makna yang dalam.. TERNYATA Susunan motif S jalin-menjalin tidak terputus pada batik parang melambangkan kesinambungan. Bentuk dasar huruf S diambil dari ombak samudra yang menggambarkan. Tau nggak sih? Batik parang adalah salah satu motif batik paling tua di Indonesia dan mempunyai makna yang dalam.. TERNYATA?Susunan motif S jalin-menjalin tidak terputus pada batik parang melambangkan kesinambungan. Bentuk dasar huruf S diambil dari ombak samudra yang menggambarkan semangat yang tidak pernah padam.. Batik bukan saja menjadi kebanggaan bagi kita semua tapi semoga dengan memakai batik, setiap makna yang terkandung bisa kita hidupi.. Beautiful photo by Sadikin Gani. #spiritnusantara #tradisi #tradition #tradisiindonesia #exploreindonesia #visitindonesia #indonesia #pesonaindonesia Read more. #PenMeetUp di Hari Minggu, 30 Oktober 2016 berkesan sekali untuk para penggemar kaligrafi, terutama #pointedpen calligraphy, karena kali ini berkesempatan untuk meet and greet dengan #EleanorWinters. Selama seminggu di Jakarta, Eleanor membagi ilmu kaligrafi yang sudah digeluti. #PenMeetUp di Hari Minggu, 30 Oktober 2016 berkesan sekali untuk para penggemar kaligrafi, terutama #pointedpen calligraphy, karena kali ini berkesempatan untuk meet and greet dengan #EleanorWinters. Selama seminggu di Jakarta, Eleanor membagi ilmu kaligrafi yang sudah digeluti selama 45 tahun dalam berbagai tema workshop yang diadakan oleh Chia @cforcalligraphy. Di #PenMeetUp kemarin Eleanor juga bercerita banyak tentang perjalanan karirnya, mulai awal belajar kaligrafi di sekitar tahun 1975 sampai akhirnya bisa menulis buku kaligrafi sebanyak 7 judul. Selama di Jakarta, beliau tidak menyangka atas sambutan & antusiasme para peserta workshop, dan juga terkesan dengan kemampuan kaligrafi dan lettering yang baik dari peserta workshop dan teman-teman di Pen Meet Up.. Beliau memberikan tips untuk bisa membuat karya yang baik, yaitu dengan sering melihat referensi karya orang lain, terutama karya klasik kaligrafi jaman dahulu. Referensi ini berguna untuk melatih dan membiasakan mata kita untuk melihat bentuk huruf, spacing, dan komposisi karya yang bagus, sehingga saat latihan tangan akan mengikuti visualisasi yang sudah kita bayangkan sebelumnya. Referensi tersebut silahkan cari di internet ya.. Selain Eleanor, ada juga grup kaligrafer dari Filipina @pagtitipon, dari Taiwan Peggy Su @peggy.s_calli dan dari Bangkok Rapi @rapigraphy yang juga ikut dalam meet up ini.. Terima kasih banyak untuk Chia @cforcalligraphy yang sudah mengadakan workshop ini dan kesempatan bisa bertemu Eleanor secara langsung. Ditunggu jadwal workshop dari Michael R. Sull di April 2017 dan Eleanor Winters tentative di October 2017 ya.. Untuk teman-teman, terima kasih untuk semua yang sudah datang, semoga bagi cerita dan ilmu di Pen Meet Up kemarin berguna untuk teman-teman semua ya.. Sampai jumpa lagi! KATSUZZA - KATSU PIZZA, 'KATSU-like PIZZA', our newest creation for 2 of our restaurants: @simplisiogroup & @sayapanwings. 'kalo biasa pizza di-ayam-in, ini ayam di-pizza-in! Sebagai permulaan, kami menciptakan fusion dan kami keluarkan dari 3 negara sekaligus: Italia. KATSUZZA - KATSU PIZZA, 'KATSU-like PIZZA', our newest creation for 2 of our restaurants: @simplisiogroup & @sayapanwings ?. 'kalo biasa pizza di-ayam-in, ini ayam di-pizza-in! Sebagai permulaan, kami menciptakan fusion dan kami keluarkan dari 3 negara sekaligus: Italia, Jepang, dan Amerika. Di foto ini adalah: KATSUZZA ITALIA - pake saus Margherita asli Italia, di mana kami meracik resep tersebut dari homemade concasse yang diolah jadi saus Margherita yang gurih segar dengan kekayaan herbs & spices Italia. Di menu ini juga kami sajikan dengan lumeran keju bakar. Jadi ini bukan cuma bentuknya kaya pizza loh, tapi taste nya pun real pizza. Bukan cuma saus tomat instan ?. Menu ini enak buat dimakan langsung gitu aja ataupun pake nasi, kann based nya bukan roti tapi chicken katsuuu ? dan buat menu ini kami ciptakan 3 pilihan nasi: nasi putih pulen, chili rice (nasi pedas), dan buttered rice (nasi mentega). Kalo dalam 2 hari ini (19&20 April'17) kalian lagi di Bandung, silakan mampir ke Sayapan Resto buat cobain menu Katsuzza kami ini, apalagi sdg ada promo seru ?. PROMO = 'Setiap pembelian 1 porsi Katsuzza, GRATIS NASI SEKENYANGNYA!' Boleh nambah berkali2 asal ga dibuang2 nasinya, trus nambahnya pake piring yang sama. ? Pas nambah juga boleh ganti2 nasinya. Nah para gembulers kaya kita nih puass pastiinya. Cuma bayar Rp 25ribu/porsi/8 slices Katsuzza, bisa makan sekenyangnya ?. Di post2 selanjutnya kami akan cerita juga 2 menu Katsuzza lainnya ? Jangan lupa follow juga @sayapanwings nya ya, biar jelas soal menu2 dan promonya. ? SAYAPAN Wings & Friends Resto Karapitan 44 A Bandung Kiri jalan, ada plang jelas nya SAYAPAN dan signage berlambang huruf S Open Hours: 11.30 s/d 21.00 (last order) Libur tiap hari Selasa - Ario & Lissa - Read more. KATSUZZA - KATSU PIZZA, 'KATSU-like PIZZA', our newest creation for 2 of our restaurants: @simplisiogroup & @sayapanwings. 'kalo biasa pizza di-ayam-in, ini ayam di-pizza-in! Sebagai permulaan, kami menciptakan fusion dan kami keluarkan dari 3 negara sekaligus: Italia. KATSUZZA - KATSU PIZZA, 'KATSU-like PIZZA', our newest creation for 2 of our restaurants: @simplisiogroup & @sayapanwings ?. 'kalo biasa pizza di-ayam-in, ini ayam di-pizza-in! Sebagai permulaan, kami menciptakan fusion dan kami keluarkan dari 3 negara sekaligus: Italia, Jepang, dan Amerika. Di foto ini adalah: KATSUZZA JEPANG - pake saus-saus Okonomiyaki Jepang, yaitu saus manis Okonomiyaki dan mayonaise asli Jepang. Paduan nya memberikan rasa lezat yg gurih - manis - dan creamy. Kami sajikan juga dengan taburan katsuobushi Jepang ? Menu ini enak buat dimakan langsung gitu aja ataupun pake nasi, kann based nya bukan roti tapi chicken katsuuu ? dan buat menu ini kami ciptakan 3 pilihan nasi: nasi putih pulen, chili rice (nasi pedas), dan buttered rice (nasi mentega). Kalo dalam 2 hari ini (19&20 April'17) kalian lagi di Bandung, silakan mampir ke Sayapan Resto buat cobain menu Katsuzza kami ini, apalagi sdg ada promo seru ?. PROMO = 'Setiap pembelian 1 porsi Katsuzza, GRATIS NASI SEKENYANGNYA!' Boleh nambah berkali2 asal ga dibuang2 nasinya, trus nambahnya pake piring yang sama. ? Pas nambah juga boleh ganti2 nasinya. Nah para gembulers kaya kita nih puass pastiinya. Cuma bayar Rp 25ribu/porsi/8 slices Katsuzza, bisa makan sekenyangnya ?. Jangan lupa follow juga @sayapanwings ya. SAYAPAN Wings & Friends Resto Karapitan 44 A Bandung Kiri jalan, ada plang jelas nya SAYAPAN dan signage berlambang huruf S Open Hours: 11.30 s/d 21.00 (last order) Libur tiap hari Selasa - Ario & Lissa - Read more. KATSUZZA - KATSU PIZZA, 'KATSU-like PIZZA', our newest creation for 2 of our restaurants: @simplisiogroup & @sayapanwings. 'kalo biasa pizza di-ayam-in, ini ayam di-pizza-in! Sebagai permulaan, kami menciptakan fusion dan kami keluarkan dari 3 negara sekaligus: Italia. KATSUZZA - KATSU PIZZA, 'KATSU-like PIZZA', our newest creation for 2 of our restaurants: @simplisiogroup & @sayapanwings ?. 'kalo biasa pizza di-ayam-in, ini ayam di-pizza-in! Sebagai permulaan, kami menciptakan fusion dan kami keluarkan dari 3 negara sekaligus: Italia, Jepang, dan Amerika. Di foto ini adalah: KATSUZZA AMERIKA - pake saus Buffalo asli Amerika, di mana kami meracik resep tersebut dari beberapa jenis cabai pedas Amerika, seperti Habanero, dll. Herbs & Spices nya pun harus yg import baru bisa membentuk western taste yg ciamikkk. Tapi pedesnya ga maen2 sihh. Menu ini juga kami sajikan dengan lumeran keju bakar ?. Menu ini enak buat dimakan langsung gitu aja ataupun pake nasi, kann based nya bukan roti tapi chicken katsuuu ? dan buat menu ini kami ciptakan 3 pilihan nasi: nasi putih pulen, chili rice (nasi pedas), dan buttered rice (nasi mentega). Kalo dalam 2 hari ini (19&20 April'17) kalian lagi di Bandung, silakan mampir ke Sayapan Resto buat cobain menu Katsuzza kami ini, apalagi sdg ada promo seru ?. PROMO = 'Setiap pembelian 1 porsi Katsuzza, GRATIS NASI SEKENYANGNYA!' Boleh nambah berkali2 asal ga dibuang2 nasinya, trus nambahnya pake piring yang sama. ? Pas nambah juga boleh ganti2 nasinya. Nah para gembulers kaya kita nih puass pastiinya. Cuma bayar Rp 25ribu/porsi/8 slices Katsuzza, bisa makan sekenyangnya ?. So, pastiin kulineran katsuzza yaa minggu inii. Jangan lupa follow juga @sayapanwings ya. SAYAPAN Wings & Friends Resto Karapitan 44 A Bandung Kiri jalan, ada plang jelas nya SAYAPAN dan signage berlambang huruf S Open Hours: 11.30 s/d 21.00 (last order) Libur tiap hari Selasa - Ario & Lissa - Read more. Halo sahabat mataponsel yang kece! Kami dari @mp_batam telah mengadakan UBUR-UBUR (Upload Bersama Until dRop) kita yang ke 18 dengan foto yang berawalan huruf “M” ——— Selamat buat member-member kece yang terpilih: @abangyayan @ranggaaditya.s @anugerah_tebu @rendyywibowo Keep. Halo sahabat mataponsel yang kece! Kami dari @mp_batam telah mengadakan UBUR-UBUR (Upload Bersama Until dRop) kita yang ke 18 dengan foto yang berawalan huruf “M” ——— Selamat buat member-member kece yang terpilih: @abangyayan @ranggaaditya.s @anugerah_tebu @rendyywibowo Keep up the good work! Buat yang belum terpilih, tetep semangat karena kita bakalan tunggu karya kalian di next UBUR-UBUR (Upload Bersama Until dRop). #mataponsel #mp_batam #mpbatam_upbar018 SALAM SEMPAK! SEMANGAT DAN KOMPAK! Regards, BATAMODS Read more. Kebaikkan itu adalah symbol seseorang, Tanpa kita menjelaskan sekalipun orang akan bisa melihat symbol kita. Dan jgn pernah menyalahkan ketika orang memberikan symbol / logo pada diri kita. Sama halnya huruf S pada kaos saya, meskipun saya menghitamkan warna biru pada kaosnya, orang. Kebaikkan itu adalah symbol seseorang, Tanpa kita menjelaskan sekalipun orang akan bisa melihat symbol kita. Dan jgn pernah menyalahkan ketika orang memberikan symbol / logo pada diri kita. Sama halnya huruf S pada kaos saya, meskipun saya menghitamkan warna biru pada kaosnya, orang msh bisa menangkap symbol S tsb adalah Superman.. Intinya: mari semua menuju kebaikkan dgn berkata jujur dlm hal apapun dan sekecil apapun, sbab kejujuran itu lebih baik drpd sekecil apapun kebohongan!!. TDK ADA KEBOHONGAN YG BERKOLERASI. YG BER ALASAN. Sekecil apapun bentuk kebohongan itu akan menodai ibadah dan kebaikkanmu akan mjd SIA SIA.. Saya sedang berINTROPEKSI DIRI Smg ini juga mjd bahan intropeksi diri buat kita semua unt menuju kebaikkan dan mjd umat yg terpilih.. Semoga makhluk hdp dibumi ini berbahagia.. #motivation #lifeisbeautiful #stayhumble Read more. Selamat Malam, Negeri Sepucuk Jambi Sembilan Lurah. -- Menara dan Jembatan Gentala Arasy. -- Menara Gentala Arasy memiliki tinggi 32 Meter, sedangkan Jembatan Gentala Arasy memiliki dimensi panjang 503 meter dan lebar 4,5 meter, yang bertujuan untuk menghubungkan wilayah Kota. Selamat Malam, Negeri Sepucuk Jambi Sembilan Lurah. -- Menara dan Jembatan Gentala Arasy. -- Menara Gentala Arasy memiliki tinggi 32 Meter, sedangkan Jembatan Gentala Arasy memiliki dimensi panjang 503 meter dan lebar 4,5 meter, yang bertujuan untuk menghubungkan wilayah Kota Jambi dengan Kota Seberang Jambi dan menghubungkan langsung dengan Menara Gentala Arasy yang berada di Kota Seberang Jambi. -- Jembatan pedestrian ini menjadi satu-satunya jembatan di Indonesia yang konstruksinya tidak berbentuk lurus seperti pada umumnya, akan tetapi dibangun dengan bentuk membelok seperti huruf 'S'. Jembatan Pedestrian ini dibangun dengan konsep konstruksi cable stayed (kabel penahan) yang ditopang oleh 2 buah tiang pancang setinggi 60 meter.. Asal muasal nama “Gentala Arasy” diberikan oleh budayawan Jambi H.Junaidi T Noor. Yang artinya “lonceng pengatur waktu yang menjulang tinggi”, sedangkan kata “Arasy” adalah singkatan dari Abdurrahman Sayuti. Di mana Abdurrahman Sayuti merupakan nama salah seorang Mantan Gubernur Provinsi Jambi yang berasal dari Seberang Kota Jambi, beliau sebagai gubernur provinsi Jambi tepatnya pada tahun 1994 s.d. Pada Lantai dasar Menara Gentala Arasy terdapat museum yang menceritakan tentang sejarah bagaimana islam bisa masuk dan tersebar di wilayah Jambi... Photo by: @alokjosaphat Narration: Taujambi Source: Wapresri. Id -- -- -- #TauJambi #Jambi #ExploreJambi #VisitJambi #WonderfulJambi #IndonesiaTravel #ExploreJambiCom #PesonaIndonesia #GentalaArrasy #PedestrianBridge #KotaJambi Read more. Bermula dari 5 Oktober 2017 hingga 8 Oktober 2017 di Sunway Pyramid Blue Concourse sedang berlangsung #WarnerTVAsia's Escape Room. Ada 6 bilik cabaran yang perlu anda laksanakan. Setiap bilik hanya diberi masa 7 minit sahaja untuk selesaikan cabaran. Ruby, @sulieasri, @sayasenangjalandan. Bermula dari 5 Oktober 2017 hingga 8 Oktober 2017 di Sunway Pyramid Blue Concourse sedang berlangsung #WarnerTVAsia's Escape Room. Ada 6 bilik cabaran yang perlu anda laksanakan. Setiap bilik hanya diberi masa 7 minit sahaja untuk selesaikan cabaran. Ruby, @sulieasri, @sayasenangjalandan dan @thelostboylloyd adalah satu team. Kami saling membantu satu sama lain. Setiap task selesai kurang dari 5 minit. 6 bilik ini bertemakan dari drama bersiri Arrow, Gotham, DC Legends Of Tomorrow, The Big Bang Theory, Blindspot & Lethal Weapons. Semua bilik best, semua berlainan tema dan tugasan. Bilik ARROW kami perlu susun huruf dan mencari kunci. Bilik GOTHAM kami selesaikan kes besar. Bilik DC Legends Of Tomorrow kami selesaikan time machine! Tambah tolak semua untuk buka suiz. Bilik The Big Bang Theory kami mengira dan mencari gambar. Kemudian bilik Blindspot kami ada crime scene. Cari Janne Doe! Kemudian masuk bilik Lethal Weapons kami dipenuhi dengan bom! Kami perlu mencari jalan keluar segera! Well after all kami selesai dengan segera! Thanks Lloyd, Eka dan Kak Sue! Best #EscapeRoomMY. #NgetehETW #EatTravelWrite #ETW6 #DiscoverSelangor #SamuraiWifi #GayaTravel @GayaTravel Read more. Paling suka kalau pake batik itu, ya batik motif ini, atau motif parang. Karena batik parang merupakan salah satu motif batik yang paling tua di Indonesia. Parang berasal dari kata Pereng yang berarti lereng. Perengan menggambarkan sebuah garis menurun dari tinggi ke rendah secara. Paling suka kalau pake batik itu, ya batik motif ini, atau motif parang. Karena batik parang merupakan salah satu motif batik yang paling tua di Indonesia. Parang berasal dari kata Pereng yang berarti lereng. Perengan menggambarkan sebuah garis menurun dari tinggi ke rendah secara diagonal. Susunan motif S jalin-menjalin tidak terputus melambangkan kesinambungan. Bentuk dasar huruf S diambil dari ombak samudra yang menggambarkan semangat yang tidak pernah padam. Batik ini merupakan batik asli Indonesia yang sudah ada sejak zaman keraton Mataram Kartasura (Solo). #BanggaBerbatik Read more. 20s atau 30s Cotton Combed Mungkin teman-teman sering lihat atau dengar kaos dengan bahan cotton combed 20s atau 30s. Tapi sebenarnya tau ga sih maksud dari angka dan kode 's' dibelakangnya itu? Well, check this out. Penjelasan bakal kita bagi 2 ya, mulai dari angkanya. 20s atau 30s Cotton Combed Mungkin teman-teman sering lihat atau dengar kaos dengan bahan cotton combed 20s atau 30s. Tapi sebenarnya tau ga sih maksud dari angka dan kode 's' dibelakangnya itu? Well, check this out. Penjelasan bakal kita bagi 2 ya, mulai dari angkanya. Sebenarnya ada macam-macam jenis, bukan hanya 20 dan 30 walaupun kedua itulah yang paling sering dipakai. Ada 20, 24, 30, 40, ya secara umum apabila semakin kecil angkanya maka kaos akan semakin tebal. Angka-angka tersebut merupakan tipe benang yang digunakan dalam proses rajut benang menjadi kain. Benang 20 digunakan untuk bahan kain dengan gramasi 180-220gr/m2, benang 24 untuk kain dengan gramasi 170-210gr/m2, benang 30 untuk kain dengan gramasi 140-160gr/m2, dan benang 40 digunakan untuk kain dengan gramasi 110-120gr/m2 untuk jenis rajutan jarum tunggal (single knit). Jadi memang semakin besar angkanya, semakin tipis kain yang dihasilkan dan sebaliknya. Kemudian huruf 's' yang ada pada setiap kode kain tersebut merupakan singkatan dari single knit, yaitu rajutan dengan jarum tunggal yang rapat dan padat. Sebagian besar kaos yang beredar menggunakan tipe rajutan jarum tunggal ini. Walaupun selain single knit juga ada rajutan jarum ganda atau double knit yang rajutannya tidak rapat dan lebih lentur. Biasanya jenis double knit digunakan untuk pakaian anak-anak atau bayi. Www.monstreation.com| #Monstreation #InfoMonstre #BlogMonstre #CottonCombed Read more. Mbak ini perlu belajar ARTI DARI KEPERCAYAAN. Banyak hal didunia ini yang sangat-sangat bisa dipelajari. Contoh sepele adalah rekan kerja. Awal perkenalan yang baik, kemudian timbul kerjasama yang baik dan terjalin rasa percaya yang baik juga. Sama-sama berjualan di bidang yang. Mbak ini perlu belajar ARTI DARI KEPERCAYAAN. Banyak hal didunia ini yang sangat-sangat bisa dipelajari. Contoh sepele adalah rekan kerja. Awal perkenalan yang baik, kemudian timbul kerjasama yang baik dan terjalin rasa percaya yang baik juga. Sama-sama berjualan di bidang yang sama. Saya gak pernah 'berisik' kalo liat Hasil foto saya dipajang di IG orang lain untuk jualan. Saya juga gak pernah 'berisik' kalo ada customer yang hit n run. Buat saya itu hal biasa dalam dunia bisnis yang kebetulan jadi hobby baru. Tapi saya terusik ketika hubungan yang baik dan kepercayaan yang sudah terbentuk 'dinodai' dengan JANJIS manis dan penuh dramas. (kalo dalam bahasa inggris itu tambahan huruf 'S' mengartikan jumlah lebih dari satu) Gini aja. Soal nominal gak seberapa memang. Tapi dalam kehidupan ini JANJI adalah sesuatu yang harus ditepati. Dan mbak ini sudah melanggar banyak. ? sekian Read more. Rp.50000 CREAM SHANAYA yang murah? Tapi yang kualtias bagus??jarang ^^ silahkan yang nyari kualitas. Cream kualitas TOP banget *kemasan kardus full Emboss bukan hanya huruf S nya saja tulisan full timbul. *kardus dilaminating bukan dus nasi kotak. Rp.50000 CREAM SHANAYA yang murah? Tapi yang kualtias bagus??jarang ^^ silahkan yang nyari kualitas. Cream kualitas TOP banget *kemasan kardus full Emboss bukan hanya huruf S nya saja tulisan full timbul. *kardus dilaminating bukan dus nasi kotak. *brosur berwarna bukan print hitam putih hvs *segel pot + expired komplit (hati hati makin bnyk yg tertipu lg dgn kemasan murah dan hanya diberi cream walet biasa yg bs menimbulkan panas dikulit wajah dan mengandung merkuri yg berbahaya bagi kulit wajah!!!) *dgn komposisi yg sama di setiap bulannya akan dirubah warna cream siangnya spy mencegah pemalsuan. Thx ats perhatiannya SHANAYA SKIN FACE LIGHTENING adalah paket perawatan kulit wajah untuk membantu regenerasi kulit agar mendapatkan kulit wajah yang bersih dan bercahaya dengan proses membuang sel-sel kulit mati (penyebab kulit tampak kusam dan keriput) dalam waktu singkat. Paket perawatan ini dapat digunakan untuk jenis kulit Normal, Kering dan Berminyak. KEGUNAAN: Mencerahkanwarna kulit wajah, menghilangkan dan mengurangi melasma, liver spot, spot acne, wrinkly, serta menyamarkan lubang-lubang bekas jerawat terhadap jenis kulit Normal atau kering. EFEK SAMPING: Untuk sebagian jenis kulit 2-5 hari pertama setelah pemakaian sabun kulit akan terasa kencang,kusam,kering dan perih untuk beberapa saat, tetapi efek samping akan hilang pada pemakaian hari-hari berikutnya 1 Paket SHANAYA SKIN FACE LIGHTENING berisi 3 produk: 1.LIGHTENING SOAP VIT E. 2.LIGHTENING DAY CREAM 3.LIGHTENING NIGHT CREAM #creamgrosia #creamqweenanewpack #creamshanaya Read more. 'Scallops Fish Chicken' dari The Manhattan Fish Market @mfmmedan, di Komplek Mall Centre Point. Sesuai namanya ada tiga protein di sini, yakni ikan dori yang digoreng tepung, ayam, dan 'scallop', semacam kerang. Untuk karbohidratnya ada kentang goreng, dan nasi putih yang sudah dibumbui. 'Scallops Fish Chicken' dari The Manhattan Fish Market @mfmmedan, di Komplek Mall Centre Point. Sesuai namanya ada tiga protein di sini, yakni ikan dori yang digoreng tepung, ayam, dan 'scallop', semacam kerang. Untuk karbohidratnya ada kentang goreng, dan nasi putih yang sudah dibumbui rempah. Biar segar, ada sayurannya juga. Untuk pelengkap ada saus mayonaise dan sambal yang tjiamik!. #makanhalalmedan #kuliner #Medan #foodie #foodgasm #delicious #yummy #seafood. Ohya, 'scallops fish chicken' ini adalah jawaban dari kuis #MHM30000 yang bekerjasama dengan @mfmmedan. Selamat buat @he_rul @mayasofii dan @hafizandelas, kalian terpilih jadi pemenang dan masing2 berhak menerima hadiah berupa 1 scallops fish chicken + 1 dessert + 1 pandan paradise (drink). Untuk pengambilan hadiah silahkan tunggu DM dari @mfmmedan. Hadiah bisa diklaim maksimal tiga minggu setelah hari ini (31 Mei 2016).. Fyi, salah satu kriteria pemenang kuis ini ditentukan dari benarnya nama menu. Soalnya banyak yang jawab hampir benar, tapi belum detail. Banyak yang jawab 'scallop fish chicken', tanpa huruf 'S'. Btw, terimakasih buat yang udah ikutan kuis, yang belum menang doakan kami sering-sering buat kuis yaaa. ??? Read more. I've been tagged by @miraatsari.So here are #20factsaboutme: 1.Last name is Prameiswari 2. Andin,stands for 'ANak Dokter INdra' 3.Palembang, 7-5-1992 4.Anak pertama dari 3 bersaudara 5.I wear hijab since 2012 6.Selalu make jam tangan di sebelah kanan,baru ngeh kalo orang-orang. I've been tagged by @miraatsari.So here are #20factsaboutme: 1.Last name is Prameiswari 2. I was tagged by @nabilafitrinur, @anisascsgrt,@nandaalifiah and @lavigneamanda. Okey this is #20factaboutme 1.Ananda Fira Salsabila Najla 2.bisa dipanggil nanda,ananda,fira,nanfir,anfir dan nanan. 3.01-03-01 4.Pisces 5.Ular 6.gak suka bunyi sirene ambulance dan. I was tagged by @nabilafitrinur, @anisascsgrt,@nandaalifiah and @lavigneamanda. Okey this is #20factaboutme 1.Ananda Fira Salsabila Najla 2.bisa dipanggil nanda,ananda,fira,nanfir,anfir dan nanan. 3.01-03-01 4.Pisces 5.Ular 6.gak suka bunyi sirene ambulance dan sejenisnya 7.anak sulung 8.Flashback jadi kpop 9.Setiap malam nonton drama korea sama @riivatimothy ? 10.katanyasih tembem sama chabi.- 11.bawel pula katanya 12.Traverler 13.music is everything 14.Paling gak bisa diem kaya cacing kepanasan 15.Susah ngomong kalau disalam kaliamatnya banyak huruf 'S'nya 16.Warna paling favorite biru 17.Dibilang mirip banget sama ka viola *padahalsihengga 18.Bisa acting dan nyanyi 19.Lumayan bisa main biola,keyboard,piano sama gitar 20. I JUST LIKE TO BE MYSELF ? Read more. Assalamu'alaikum Ayah Bunda, Abi Umi, Mama Papa dan Kakak-kakak semua. #edukasi seputar #kaos:) Semoga bermanfaat yaa. #kaosanak berbahan cotton combed 24s Apa sih cotton combed 24s itu? Cotton Combed adalah jenis katun (cotton) yang sangat halus, yang mana pada. Assalamu'alaikum Ayah Bunda, Abi Umi, Mama Papa dan Kakak-kakak semua. #edukasi seputar #kaos:) Semoga bermanfaat yaa. #kaosanak berbahan cotton combed 24s Apa sih cotton combed 24s itu? Cotton Combed adalah jenis katun (cotton) yang sangat halus, yang mana pada proses pembuatannya serat katun diproses secara khusus sebelum diputar di mesin pemintal. Secara umum cotton combed ini lebih mahal dibandingkan kain katun biasa. Bahan Cotton combed juga terlihat lebih rata karena serat benangnya yang halus. Karena sifat bahan cotton combed yang sangat halus dan kuat, bahan cotton combed sering digunakan untuk bahan sprei atau bahan pakaian seperti kaos, yang bersentuhan langsung dengan kulit manusia. Bahan cotton combed memiliki sifat tidak panas dan mudah menyerap keringat karena bahan baku dasarnya adalah serat kapas alami, sehingga sering digunakan sebagai bahan pakaian santai maupun pakaian olahraga. Kaos dengan bahan cotton combed sangat cocok digunakan di daerah beriklim tropis seperti di Indonesia karena sifatnya yang menyerap keringat. Anngka 24 menunjukan jenis benang dan huruf s mnunjukan jenis jarum Benang 24 digunakan untuk menghasilkan bahan kain dengan gramasi antara 170 – 210 gr/m2 untuk jenis rajutan jarum tunggal (single). Cotton 100% itu maksudnya full 100% bahan katun, dari kapas alami, gak campur polyester sama sekali. Dan yg dipakai oleh #kaosanak afrakids itu full 100% katun alami, gak ada sintetisnya sedikit pun, ya kecuali pewarnanya ya, tp itu jg sudah lolos sertifikasi internasional keamanan pakaian. Tinta sablon non-toxic, juga sudah standarisasi internasional, aman untuk anak dan lingkungan. Jadi kalau misalnya nanti kaosnya sudah lusuh dan mau dibuang, gak masalah untuk lingkungan. Jenis sablonnya rubber, jadi jangan kena setrikaan langsung, krn naturalnya bahan rubber/karet itu ndak tahan panas tinggi. Kalau mau setrika, lebih aman dibalik kaosnya. #idekado #kaosunik #kaosdakwah #adem #katun #delivery #local #overseas #jakarta #indonesia #hadiah #seragam #jualanku #shop #syiar #share #care #ootd #education #order +79 #kids #apparel #cotton #cool #dawah #islamic #quote Read more. #Repost @destarisa ・・・ Submission @belmenid #aksarabu halo @kharismatics. Dibuatin anak Typography nih, keren abis, meskipun kurang huruf 's' dbelakangnya g ngaruh mah, pokonya keren. Makasih banget yaa Terus berkarya and 'Show Your Work!' #belmen #belmensurakarta. #Repost @destarisa ・・・ Submission @belmenid #aksarabu halo @kharismatics ?. Dibuatin anak Typography nih, keren abis ?, meskipun kurang huruf 's' dbelakangnya g ngaruh mah, pokonya keren. Makasih banget yaa Terus berkarya and 'Show Your Work!' #belmen #belmensurakarta #kaligrafina #handlettering #typography #handmadefont #slowroastedco #ligaturecollective #dailytype #lettering #destarisa Read more. This was my third times capturing the night sky. Not bad lah ya buat amatiran haha. It was taken in Bali, and happened to be the brightest and clearest milky way I've ever seen so far ️.. Kira-kira ini yang terjadi diatas kita, arah tenggara. Rumahnya rasi bintang Scorpio. Mana Scorpio? This was my third times capturing the night sky. Not bad lah ya buat amatiran haha. It was taken in Bali, and happened to be the brightest and clearest milky way I've ever seen so far ✌️.. Kira-kira ini yang terjadi diatas kita, arah tenggara. Rumahnya rasi bintang Scorpio. Mana Scorpio? Itu di tengah foto ada 2 bintang terang yang hampir berhimpit. Itu ekor rasi scorpio. Dari situ, tarik garis seperti kalau kita mau nulis huruf S, tapi dari bawah, mengikuti bintang-bintang yang terang, lalu bercabang ke 3 bintang terang yang berjajar diagonal diatas kanan. And there you have it (eh, dapet ga?).. Dalam rasi scorpio, dekat dengan pangkal percabangan, ada satu bintang kuning super terang dan super besar. Perkenalkan, dia Antares ? Read more. Seperti sandal, pasangan sandal yang cocok sudah pasti akan menciptakan sesuatu yang membuat mereka bersatu yaitu huruf S Take by me. #sandals #superman #gawl #night #igers #igersoftheday #instapic #instavsco #unique #photography #photooftheday #colour #holiday #july #malang. Seperti sandal, pasangan sandal yang cocok sudah pasti akan menciptakan sesuatu yang membuat mereka bersatu yaitu huruf S ? Take by me. #sandals #superman #gawl #night #igers #igersoftheday #instapic #instavsco #unique #photography #photooftheday #colour #holiday #july #malang #f4f #home #l4l #lalalala #vsco #vscocam #vsco_living Read more. PROSES PEMINTALAN – Merupakan proses pembuatan benang dengan memilin dan menjalin secara bersama serat-serat tumbuhan atau hewan. Memintal merupakan salah satu dari beberapa seni terkuno. Apa pun metode pemintalan yang digunakan, pilinan benang yang terjadi akan berbentuk huruf. PROSES PEMINTALAN – Merupakan proses pembuatan benang dengan memilin dan menjalin secara bersama serat-serat tumbuhan atau hewan. Memintal merupakan salah satu dari beberapa seni terkuno. Apa pun metode pemintalan yang digunakan, pilinan benang yang terjadi akan berbentuk huruf S atau Z, artinya garis-garis seratnya merupakan alur yang condong ke kiri atau ke kanan, bila benang ditegakkan. Sebelum dipilin – agar menjadi lebih padat, bersih, dan paralel sehingga dapat ditarik dan dipintal dari gelendongan – semua serat alam membutuhkan perawatan awal lebih dulu. Semua proses dasar perawatan serat yang akan dipintal sudah berkembang sejak beberapa abad yang lampau. Setelah mengalami perkembangan dan perubahan berkali-kali; metode dan alat pemintal primitif memperoleh pola kerja yang pasti, dan tetap ffigunakan, hingga munculnya mesin pintal di abad ke-18. Meskipun begitu-dibeberapa tempat di dunia – pemintalan dengan tangan tetap bertahan dan bahkan lebih disukai. Bahan dasar yang biasa dipilin selain kapas, adalah rami, sutera, jelatang, yute, dan serat manila. Inframe: pemintal benang tradisional dari Sikka, Nusa Tenggara #PlazaIndonesia #PILovesIndonesia #IndonesiaThroughMyEyes #PI_artculture Read more. SEMOY, adalah karakter imaji yang merupakan mahasiswa Seni Rupa di Institut Kesenian Jakarta. Dengan ciri-ciri rambut hitam, muka kempot reot dan memiliki kantung mata akibat serangga dan lingkaran, memakai kaos yang bertuliskan huruf 'S' dan berharap suatu saat dapat berubah menjadi. SEMOY, adalah karakter imaji yang merupakan mahasiswa Seni Rupa di Institut Kesenian Jakarta. Dengan ciri-ciri rambut hitam, muka kempot reot dan memiliki kantung mata akibat serangga dan lingkaran, memakai kaos yang bertuliskan huruf 'S' dan berharap suatu saat dapat berubah menjadi Supermoy. #illustration #artwork Read more. Di bagian grille juga muncul emblem huruf 'S' berwarna merah. Mata bulat mengisi samping kiri-kanan dengan balutan LED. Daihatsu Cast Sport ini memiliki lingkar roda berukuran 16inci, atau 1inci lebih besar dari milik Activa. Daihatsu Cast Sport ini memiliki trasnmisi manual 7-speed. Di bagian grille juga muncul emblem huruf 'S' berwarna merah. Mata bulat mengisi samping kiri-kanan dengan balutan LED. Daihatsu Cast Sport ini memiliki lingkar roda berukuran 16inci, atau 1inci lebih besar dari milik Activa. Daihatsu Cast Sport ini memiliki trasnmisi manual 7-speed CVT gearbox. Untuk suspensinya tak perlu ditanya lagi, karena dibuat dengan sporty dengan tala terisnpirasi dari Copen Roadster. ・・・ INFIA ada di Facebook juga loh, Like Us On Facebook, Linknya ada di BIO yah:D #infia #infiaautomotive Read more. Lanjut yuk #kaligrafigur Novia. Seiring waktu, dari awalnya cuma hobby ternyata sudah menghasilkan pekerjaan sampingan juga. T: Sampai sekarang, pernah mengerjakan project apa saja? Ada nggak yang paling berkesan ada? J: Saya paling ingat commission pertama saya, waktu itu. Lanjut yuk #kaligrafigur Novia. Seiring waktu, dari awalnya cuma hobby ternyata sudah menghasilkan pekerjaan sampingan juga. T: Sampai sekarang, pernah mengerjakan project apa saja? Ada nggak yang paling berkesan ada? J: Saya paling ingat commission pertama saya, waktu itu datang dari co-founder sebuah aplikasi di London dan dia minta saya untuk mengilustrasikan huruf S untuk Socialive, aplikasinya. Sampai sekarang, meskipun belum melimpah tapi saya bersyukur ada yang menghubungi saya untuk kolaborasi karya atau event, membeli karya yang mereka lihat di instagram atau perusahaan-perusahaan yang mengajak bekerja sama untuk memasarkannya dalam bentuk produk. Salah satunya bisa dibeli di printerous.com/noviajonatan. T: Apakah Lettering masih menjadi Hobby? Atau sudah menjadi Pekerjaan? J: Saat ini handlettering masih menjadi hobi sampingan, pekerjaan utama saya masih desainer grafis. Minggu depan, Novia akan berbagi proses dan tips & trik untuk proses #handlettering. Baca selengkapnya di kaligrafina.com/noviajonatan ya Read more. #Repost @masdalu ・・・ Mendapatkan musibah secara beruntun terus-menerus. Peribahasa Sudah jatuh tertimpa tangga merupakan peribahasa berbahasa Indonesia yang dimulai dengan huruf S. Peribahasa Sudah jatuh tertimpa tangga dapat anda gunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, baik. #Repost @masdalu ・・・ Mendapatkan musibah secara beruntun terus-menerus. Peribahasa Sudah jatuh tertimpa tangga merupakan peribahasa berbahasa Indonesia yang dimulai dengan huruf S. Peribahasa Sudah jatuh tertimpa tangga dapat anda gunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, baik dalam bentuk lisan maupun tulisan sebagai suatu perumpamaan yang mempunyai arti Mendapatkan musibah secara beruntun terus-menerus. #masdalu Read more. Horeeeee.Dapat Hadiah dari Ibu Polwan Kendal #kendal #polisi #polwan #polisiwanit #humaspolri Sebanyak ratusan siswa-siswi TK Aisyah Kendal dengan didampingi guru-gurunya mengunjungi Kepolisian Resor Kendal untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang Lalu-lintas sejak dini. Horeeeee.Dapat Hadiah dari Ibu Polwan Kendal #kendal #polisi #polwan #polisiwanit #humaspolri Sebanyak ratusan siswa-siswi TK Aisyah Kendal dengan didampingi guru-gurunya mengunjungi Kepolisian Resor Kendal untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang Lalu-lintas sejak dini, Rabu (). Ajun Inspektur Polisi Satu, Nur Santi bersama anggota Polisi Wanita Polres Kendal lainnya memandu anak-anak tersebut menuju lapangan tenis indoor Polres Kendal. Dalam kegiatan Polisi Sahabat Anak (Polsanak) ini, anak-anak diberi materi tentang tertib berlalu-lintas dan maksud dari rambu-rambu lalu-lintas yang umumnya sering terlihat di jalan raya. Seperti arti dari nyala lampu trafficklight, rambu dilarang berhenti, dilarang parkir dan juga pentingnya keselamatan dalam berkendara yaitu mengenakan helm. Untuk memancing semangat anak-anak, Aiptu Nursanti mengajak bermain kuis dengan melemparkan pertanyaan-pertanyaan dan yang bisa menjawabnya akan mendapatkan bingkisan hadiah antara lain berisi buku tulis, buku gambar, alat tulis, tempat pensil dan juga iqro. 'Ayo siapa yang tahu arti rambu-rambu dengan huruf S yang dicoret?' Tanya Aiptu Nur Santi. Salah seorang anak mengangkat tangan dan menjawab, 'Dilarang berhenti Bu Polwan,' jawabnya lantang. Seperti yang dijanjikan anak yang bisa menjawab pertanyaan tersebut langsung mendapatkan hadiah. Aiptu Nursanti mengatakan kegiatan Polsanak sangat banyak manfaatnya seperti memberikan pengetahuan tertib lalu-lintas sejak dini. 'Dengan pengetahuan tentang tertib berlalu-lintas sejak dini, diharapkan kelak jika sudah besar nanti sudah tertanam kesadaran berlalu-lintas dalam dirinya,' jelas Aiptu Nur Santi. PLS RT: Mengapa kita dukung Hasan Basri Agus di Jambi? *ANDREAS_O_JOEDA *SrikandiHASMEV *rommywidy @kartikadjoemadi * Edi Purwanto, menegaskan bahwa dirinya bersedia mendampingi HBA karena melihattrack record yang bersangkutan saat menjabat gubernur. PLS RT: Mengapa kita dukung Hasan Basri Agus di Jambi? *ANDREAS_O_JOEDA *SrikandiHASMEV *rommywidy @kartikadjoemadi * Edi Purwanto, menegaskan bahwa dirinya bersedia mendampingi HBA karena melihattrack record yang bersangkutan saat menjabat gubernur. Di tangan HBA, pertumbuhan ekonomi Jambi menjadi yang terbaik diantara seluruh provinsi di Pulau Sumatera, dan terbaik kedua di tingkat nasional. Dia juga sudah memantau keberhasil program Hasan selama menjadi gubernur yang sangat memberi perhatian kepada warga miskin. Misalnya, program bedah rumah untuk orang-orang miskin. 'Untuk infrastruktur nasional, Jambi jadi terbaik nomor tiga nasional di tangan Pak Hasan. Beliau pemimpin terbaik,' kata Edi. **** batan Pedestrian merupakan jembatan untuk pejalan kaki. Bentuknya yang menyerupai huruf 'S' ini terbentang berkelok-kelok di atas sungai Batanghari yang kira-kira panjang jembatannya sekitar 530 meter. Jembatan ini dibuat bukan untuk kendaraan, tapi hanya khusus untuk pejalan kaki. Sangat cocok untuk yang mau jogging. **** Seputar perjalanan relawan hasan basri agus dan edi purwanto Jambi pilih hba ep Lanjutkan. #Travel #Holidays #Traveling #Travelgram #pilkada2015 #Travelling #Travelingram #Traveler @TopLikeTags #Travels #Travelphotography #pilkadaserentak #Instatravel #Instatraveling #Travelph #Travelpic #Travelblogger #pilgubjambi #Traveller #Traveltheworld #Travelblog #Travelbug #Likeforlike #Travelpics #Travelphoto #Traveldiaries #pilgubjambi2015 #Traveladdict #Travelstoke #TravelLife Read more. Cemilan sore FITRAH ANAK Salah satu tugas utama kita dalam mendidik anak-anak adalah menjaga fitrah yg dibawanya sejak lahir, berkembang dengan baik bersama kita. Ada 4 fitrah anak yg dibawa sejak lahir: a. Fitrah Iman b. Fitrah Belajar c. Fitrah Bakat d. Fitrah Perkembangan Anak. ??cemilan sore?? FITRAH ANAK Salah satu tugas utama kita dalam mendidik anak-anak adalah menjaga fitrah yg dibawanya sejak lahir, berkembang dengan baik bersama kita. Ada 4 fitrah anak yg dibawa sejak lahir: a. Fitrah Iman b. Fitrah Belajar c. Fitrah Bakat d. Fitrah Perkembangan Anak yang fitrah keimanannya bangkit, maka anak akan beriman seumur hidupnya. Anak yg fitrah belajarnya berkembang, maka kitapun tidak akan bisa menghentikan 'rasa ingin tahunya'. Anak yg fitrah bakatnya muncul maka ia akan cepat menemukan misi spesifik hidupnya. Sehingga menjalani hidup dg bahagia. Anak yg fitrah perkembangannya tumbuh dengan baik, maka akan muncul anak-anak yg selaras antara aqil ( kematangan psikis) dan baligh (kematangan fisik) Pendidikan itu tidak bisa digegas, dijejalkan dan dipaksakan. Jadi kuncinya hanya 5 huruf S A B A R Salam Ibu Profesional, /Septi Peni/ www.ibuprofesional.com ? Menuju 4 th Ibu Profesional ? Read more. Selamat malam Negeri Tanah Pilih Pesako Betuah. Jembatan Gentala Arasy adalah salah satu ikon dari kota Jambi. Jembatan ini mulai dibangun pada tahun 2012 dan telah diresmikan oleh bapak Wakil Presiden. Sebenarnya ada dua objek di lokasi ini, yaitu menara Gentala Arasy dan jembatan. Selamat malam Negeri Tanah Pilih Pesako Betuah. Jembatan Gentala Arasy adalah salah satu ikon dari kota Jambi. Jembatan ini mulai dibangun pada tahun 2012 dan telah diresmikan oleh bapak Wakil Presiden. Sebenarnya ada dua objek di lokasi ini, yaitu menara Gentala Arasy dan jembatan Pedestrian. Tapi kebanyakan orang-orang menyebutnya jembatan Gentala Arasy. Lokasi ini adalah salah satu objek wisata di kota Jambi dan tidak afdol jika tidak kesini saat anda sedang berada di Jambi. Jembatan Pedestrian merupakan jembatan untuk pejalan kaki. Bentuknya yang menyerupai huruf 'S' ini terbentang berkelok-kelok di atas sungai Batanghari yang kira-kira panjang jembatannya sekitar 530 meter. Jembatan ini dibuat bukan untuk kendaraan, tapi hanya khusus untuk pejalan kaki. Sangat cocok untuk yang mau jogging.. Menara Gentala Arasy merupakan sebuah museum dimana secara umum merupakan museum yang menceritakan tentang sejarah masuk dan berkembangnya agama Islam di kota Jambi. Bentuk menara ini pun sangat unik dan sangat 'islami'. Bahkan awalnya saya mengira kalau itu adalah bangunan masjid.. Selain itu juga, diujung jembatan Gentala Arasy ini merupakan pusat kuliner dan tempat nongkrong di sore hari sampai malam hari. Banyak pedagang kuliner yang bisa dinikmati. Selain itu kita juga bisa menikmati pemandangan jembatannya. Dan jangan lupa, take a picture! Foto dari berbagai angle dan ambil gaya andalanmu. Saran bagi anda sebagai photographer, sebaiknya ambil magic hours saat pagi hari. Karena diwaktu pagi, suasana jembatannya masih sepi dan belum banyak orang yang berlalu lalang.. Untuk masuk ke jembatan Gentala Arasy ini anda tidak perlu membayar ongkos tiket karena memang tidak ada loket tiket. Kita dapat naik ke jembatan Pedestrian dengan gratis sambil menikmati pemandangan dari atas jembatan. Kita juga dapat melihat kondisi lalu lintas sungai Batanghari yang tidak pernah sepi dari lalu lalangnya perahu dan kapal kecil. Loc: Jembatan Gentala Arasy, Kota Jambi photo by: @gusmanhsg #Taujambi #GentalaArasy #Pedestrian #bridge #KotaJambi #DestinasiJambi Read more. Happy Anniversary #Cerbungnya_cjrelovii Ada yang bilang kalo anniv fanbase ini tanggal 22 bulan Maret tahun 2015 ha ha ha Katanya ig sekarang ada tgl postnya? Aku belum diperbaharui haha Terbentuk dan tercipta karena Iqsteff. Karena kesenengan aku baca cerita terus bikin deh. Happy Anniversary #Cerbungnya_cjrelovii ?? Ada yang bilang kalo anniv fanbase ini tanggal 22 bulan Maret tahun 2015 ha ha ha Katanya ig sekarang ada tgl postnya? Aku belum diperbaharui haha Terbentuk dan tercipta karena Iqsteff. Karena kesenengan aku baca cerita terus bikin deh. Makasih buat kalian yang selalu setia, terharu deh bhaaks. Aku enggak pernah ganti nama ini kenapa? Dari awal udah kayak gini jadi yaudah. Aku tuh tipe setia, wkwkwk. Sekali lagi aku makasih banget buat kalian yang udah support aku dan fanbase ini, yang dari awal maupun yang baru-baru ini bergabung. Thank you so much ?? Agak aneh sih yah annivnya barengan sama iqzid? Terus steffi dirumpi? Aku enggak tau aslinya anniv iqzid kapan? Tapi kok aku enggak percaya gitu aja yah? Bukan apa-apa. Iqbaal artis gitu loh, berita dikit aja pasti langsung kesebar. Keren banget gitu kalo emang jadian nya udah lama, rahasianya rapi kali bang. Tapi tetep aja aku kurang yakin hahaha enggak tau kenapa. Dan tadi ada Ipet sama Ase? Aduh itu aa aku kenapa bisa sama steffi? Pantesan dia bilang gini, 'kalo kamu enggak berubah aku bakalan selingkuh sama steffi!' A esa kembalilah. Aku bakalan berubah jadi power ranger buat kamu ??? #mendadakgila ---- Someday Hurt Hurt season 2 Stupid In Love Stay Black White Dari judul cerita diatas mana yang kalian suka? Alasannya apa? Eh kok aku baru nyadar kalo judul cerita aku kebanyakan diawali huruf S? Wkwkw Oh iya, harapan kalian buat fanbase ini apa? Ini caption panjang banget yah kayaknya hahaha Read more. Selamat Malam Negeri Sepucuk Jambi Sembilan Lurah.. Menara dan Jembatan Pedestrian Gentala Arasy.... Menara Gentala Arasy dibangun dipinggir Sungai Batanghari memiliki tinggi 32 Meter, sedangkan Jembatan Gentala Arasy dibangun membelah Sungai Batanghari memiliki dimensi. Selamat Malam Negeri Sepucuk Jambi Sembilan Lurah.. Menara dan Jembatan Pedestrian Gentala Arasy.... Menara Gentala Arasy dibangun dipinggir Sungai Batanghari memiliki tinggi 32 Meter, sedangkan Jembatan Gentala Arasy dibangun membelah Sungai Batanghari memiliki dimensi panjang 503 meter dan lebar 4,5 meter, yang bertujuan untuk menghubungkan wilayah Kota Jambi dengan Kota Seberang Jambi dan menghubungkan langsung dengan Menara Gentala Arasy yang berada di Kota Seberang Jambi.. Jembatan pedestrian ini menjadi satu-satunya jembatan di Indonesia yang konstruksinya tidak berbentuk lurus seperti pada umumnya, akan tetapi dibangun dengan bentuk membelok seperti huruf 'S'. Jembatan ini sengaja dibangun sebagai tempat wisata untuk para pejalan kaki. Kendaraan bermotor tidak diijinkan melewati jembatan ini demi kepuasan para pejalan kaki.. Pada dasar menara gentala arasy pengunjung dapat memasuki museum lengkap dengan ruang teater untuk melihat sejarah masuk dan berkembangnya agama Islam di Jambi. Pada puncak menara terdapat jam yang di ke-empat sisinya dipergunakan sebagai penunjuk waktu sholat umat Muslim. Menara inipun memiliki lift yang akan membawa anda untuk menikmati pemandangan kota Jambi di ketinggian. _ _ _ _ Photo by: @suryansyahade _ _ _ _ #TauJambi #Jambi #ExploreJambi #VisitJambi #WonderfulJambi #GentalaArasy #KotaJambi #pedestrian Read more. Selamat Malam Negeri Sepucuk Jambi Sembilan Lurah.. Menara dan Jembatan Gentala Arasy.. Menara Gentala Arasy memiliki tinggi 32 Meter, sedangkan Jembatan Gentala Arasy memiliki dimensi panjang 503 meter dan lebar 4,5 meter, yang bertujuan untuk menghubungkan wilayah Kota Jambi. Selamat Malam Negeri Sepucuk Jambi Sembilan Lurah.. Menara dan Jembatan Gentala Arasy.. Menara Gentala Arasy memiliki tinggi 32 Meter, sedangkan Jembatan Gentala Arasy memiliki dimensi panjang 503 meter dan lebar 4,5 meter, yang bertujuan untuk menghubungkan wilayah Kota Jambi dengan Kota Seberang Jambi dan menghubungkan langsung dengan Menara Gentala Arasy yang berada di Kota Seberang Jambi.. Jembatan pedestrian ini menjadi satu-satunya jembatan di Indonesia yang konstruksinya tidak berbentuk lurus seperti pada umumnya, akan tetapi dibangun dengan bentuk membelok seperti huruf 'S'... Photo by: @ebbie.vebriadrian Source: Wapresri.go.id... #TauJambi #Jambi #ExploreJambi #VisitJambi #WonderfulJambi #PedestrianBridge #landmark #Cityscape #City #River #GentalaArrasy Read more. #MCCPopCotton Part I: adalah siri istimewa khas buat penggemar koleksi cotton yang pernah kami hasilkan sebelum ini. Koleksi Pop Cotton menggunakan bahan yang sama dengan Tunic Carrie, Tunic Carla, Tunic Cara dan Tunic Courtney. Kesemua ini adalah best-seller di MCC. #MCCPopCotton Part I: adalah siri istimewa khas buat penggemar koleksi cotton yang pernah kami hasilkan sebelum ini. Koleksi Pop Cotton menggunakan bahan yang sama dengan Tunic Carrie, Tunic Carla, Tunic Cara dan Tunic Courtney. Kesemua ini adalah best-seller di MCC. Signature Tunic Alya adalah pada bukaan button depan yang melingkar membentuk huruf S! Manis, sopan dan pastinya 'a tunic to keep for the longest time!' Tunic Alya Description: ?Material: Cotton ?S Style-buttoned opening at the front ?Round neckline ?Hidden side pocket ?Long sleeves with buttoned cuff which makes this blouse wudu' friendly ?Solat ready ?Size available: XXS-5XL ?Model is wearing XXS ?Price: RM 89.00 Cara membuat tempahan: 1. Whatsapp us: +3 +4 +60 Kami suka! 2017-12-27 20:30 Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for. You have not yet voted on this site! 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For Windows Vista, double-click LGGI_VistaLicenseServer.exe. For Windows 2000 and XP, double-click LGGI_LicenseServer.exe. • When the License Manager/Server window opens, accept the License Agreement and install. Click Finish when the installation is complete. • Open the License Manager from the Start menu by selecting All Programs, Leica Geosystems, Licensing Tools, and then License Management. • In the License Manager window, click Add, and then select License server information. • Next to 'Server Name:', type erdas1 (the final character is the number 1). If your computer does not recognize the server as valid, type erdas1.uits.indiana.edu. If this doesn't work, see • To ensure license service backup, also add the server name erdas2, or use the full server name erdas2.uits.indiana.edu. Note: You must enter each server name individually. • Confirm that you see a list of modules for each server. Close the License Manager window. • To confirm a successful installation, start ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2 by opening the Start menu, then All Programs, Leica Geosystems, and then ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2. Note: You have two options for installing the ERDAS IMAGINE license manager. One manager is compatible with Windows 2000 and XP. The other manager is compatible with Windows Vista. • Open Windows Explorer and navigate to C: IUware Online ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2 LICENSING. For Windows Vista, double-click LGGI_VistaLicenseServer.exe. For Windows 2000 and XP, double-click LGGI_LicenseServer.exe. • When the LGGI License Server window opens, accept the License Agreement and install. Click Finish when the installation is complete. • Open the License Manager from the Start menu by selecting All Programs, Leica Geosystems, Licensing Tools, and then License Management. • In the License Manager window, select the System ID Source you plan to use (i.e., Local Area Connection, Hard Disk, CPU ID or Hardware Key). If you are unsure, choose Hard Disk. If you had a previous installation of ERDAS IMAGINE, you should already see the license file information loaded. Confirm that the license server is running. Click OK to close all windows. Skip to the final step. • Copy the System ID code and send it to the. If you have purchased an ERDAS license from UITS, a GIS Support Specialist will send you an electronic license file. • Open the License Manager (see step 3) if it is not already open. • Select License Server Information, and then click Manage local license server. • Select the System ID Source you chose earlier. • Click Load. Navigate to the.lgs electronic license file, select it, and then click Open. Note: You can tell if this is a current license file by the date in the INCREMENT text. If the date is not in the past, this license will work. • If you are using Windows Vista, uncheck Create Windows NT/2000/XP Service. • Click Yes when prompted to start the license server. You should see your computer's hostname in the 'Server Name' text box. • Click OK until you exit the License Manager setup. • To confirm a successful installation, start the ERDAS IMAGINE application. Additional software and data for IMAGINE 9.2 is available on the Massive Data Storage System (MDSS) in the following directory: /cos1/hpss/e/r/erdasadm/ERDAS_software/imagine9-2/ This directory includes: • ERDAS 9.2 example data for IMAGINE and LPS • Leica Photogrammetry Suite (LPS) 9.2 • Geodatabase support for IMAGINE 9.2. Imagine Learning Imagine Learning harnesses the power of technology to teach language and literacy to students around the world through engaging, interactive. Sejak awal, Erdas Imagine telah digunakan untuk berbagai aplikasi, termasuk manajemen sumber daya, telekomunikasi, perencanaan kota alam dan pemetaan habitat. Langsung, antarmuka yang mudah-ke-menggunakan grafis produk menyajikan pengguna dengan suite kompleks peningkatan spasial bertenaga tinggi dan alat analisis. Selain itu, utilitas perangkat lunak yang luas dan termasuk yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan tugas-tugas mulai dari koreksi geometrik dan peningkatan gambar untuk maju pengolahan dan analisis citra multispektral dan itt di 2-D dan 3-D lingkungan. Citra jauh lebih dari gambar permukaan bumi. Ini adalah sumber berharga data yang menangkap peristiwa-peristiwa aktual pada waktu tertentu dan tempat di dunia sehingga Anda dapat mempelajari bagaimana perubahan bumi dari waktu ke waktu. Erdas Imagine memberi Anda alat untuk memanipulasi dan memahami data ini. Dengan pilihan dan mudah-ke-menggunakan nya alat pengolahan gambar, Erdas Imagine baik menyederhanakan dan arus alur kerja Anda. Hal ini juga memungkinkan Anda untuk tetap di rumah banyak fungsi yang Anda mungkin telah dibutuhkan untuk melakukan outsourcing sebelumnya. Perusahaan Diaktifkan Erdas Imagine 9.0 memperkenalkan perusahaan-enabled geospasial pengolahan imaging. Sebuah database relasional memberikan manfaat besar dengan memungkinkan visibilitas ke pengguna akhir data yang berisi dan meningkatkan aksesibilitas data.This yang memaksimalkan investasi dalam gambar dan fitur informasi geospasial. Tiga modul yang menyediakan kemampuan perusahaan yang Bayangkan Essentials, Bayangkan Perusahaan Loader dan Bayangkan Perusahaan Editor. Bayangkan Essentials menyediakan read-only akses ke data yang telah tersimpan dalam database terpusat. Bayangkan Perusahaan Loader memberikan pengguna kemampuan untuk memuat data vektor dan raster ke dalam database. Bayangkan Perusahaan Editor memungkinkan pengguna mengedit data topologi fitur dalam database. • ta_post_review_name: Erdas imagine 9.2 • ta_post_review_url: • ta_post_review_rating: 5 • ta_post_review_summary: When erdas imagine 9.2 set everything up, we pressed Make All. 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Our goal is to provide high-quality PDF documents, Mobile apps, video, TV streams, music, software or any other files uploaded on shared hosts for free! If you found that any of above erdas-9-2 files may have been subject to copyright protection. Please use our page. MapInfo Raster Handler for ERDAS Imagine software program provides MapInfo Professional the ability to open and display raster images in the ERDAS IMAGINE format. By installing this program in the same directory as the MapInfo Professional, the user will be able to use the Raster Handler right away. Any ERDAS IMAGINE raster image that has been registered as a MapInfo table may be opened. In addition, this application can open unregistered. IMG raster files. There are additional utilities including the img2tab that creates *. TAB file for each *. IMG file in batch mode. The MapInfo Table is automatically created and then can be used to open the geo-referenced raster image. The MapInfo Raster Handler for ERDAS Imagine software program is compatible with the Windows operating systems including Wiindows Windows 98, Windows XP and Windows NT. This application is a useful tool for developers and designers who use MapInfo Professional. With its easy to use interface, the MapInfo Raster Handler for ERDAS Imagine software program is a program that users of any skill set can master. Copy of the from 1297. A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. Constitute, what the entity is. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a written constitution; if they are written down in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a codified constitution. Some constitutions (such as the ) are uncodified, but written in numerous fundamental Acts of a legislature, court cases or treaties. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign states to companies and unincorporated associations. A which establishes an is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within, a constitution defines the principles upon which the state is based, the procedure in which laws are made and by whom. Some constitutions, especially codified constitutions, also act as limiters of state power, by establishing lines which a state's rulers cannot cross, such as. The is the longest written constitution of any in the world, containing 444 articles in 22 parts, 12 schedules and 118 amendments, with 146,385 words in its version, while the is the shortest written constitution, containing 10 chapters with 97 articles, and a total of 3,814 words. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Etymology The term constitution comes through from the word constitutio, used for regulations and orders, such as the enactments ( constitutiones principis: edicta, mandata, decreta, rescripta). Later, the term was widely used in for an important determination, especially a decree issued by the, now referred to as an. General features Generally, every modern written constitution confers specific powers to an organization or institutional entity, established upon the primary condition that it abide by the said constitution's limitations. According to Scott Gordon, a political organization is constitutional to the extent that it 'contain[s] mechanisms of power control for the protection of the interests and of the, including those that may be in the '. Activities of officials within an organization or polity that fall within the constitutional or statutory authority of those officials are termed 'within power' (or, in Latin, intra vires); if they do not, they are termed 'beyond power' (or, in Latin, ). For example, a may be prohibited as an organization from engaging in activities not concerning students; if the union becomes involved in non-student activities, these activities are considered to be ultra vires of the union's charter, and nobody would be compelled by the charter to follow them. An example from the constitutional law of would be a provincial parliament in a trying to legislate in an area that the constitution allocates exclusively to the federal parliament, such as ratifying a treaty. Action that appears to be beyond power may be and, if found to be beyond power, must cease. Legislation that is found to be beyond power will be 'invalid' and of no force; this applies to primary legislation, requiring constitutional authorization, and secondary legislation, ordinarily requiring statutory authorization. In this context, 'within power', intra vires, 'authorized' and 'valid' have the same meaning; as do 'beyond power', ultra vires, 'not authorized' and 'invalid'. In most but not all modern states the constitution has supremacy over ordinary (see below); in such states when an official act is unconstitutional, i.e. It is not a power granted to the government by the constitution, that act is null and void, and the nullification is, that is, from inception, not from the date of the finding. Download studying modern arabic literature or read online books in PDF. File Size: 51,6 Mb. Poetics by Avicenna' in the context of Aristotle's logical. ARISTOTELOV USTAV ATENSKI ARISTOTLE'S THE CONSTITUTION OF THE ATHENIANS. Aristotle in the Rhetoric shares laws into general. Content File-PDF. It was never 'law', even though, if it had been a statute or statutory provision, it might have been adopted according to the procedures for adopting legislation. Sometimes the problem is not that a statute is unconstitutional, but the application of it is, on a particular occasion, and a court may decide that while there are ways it could be applied that are constitutional, that instance was not allowed or legitimate. In such a case, only the application may be ruled unconstitutional. Historically, the remedy for such violations have been petitions for common law, such as. History and development Pre-modern constitutions Ancient. Detail from 's shows him receiving the laws of from the seated. Excavations in modern-day by in 1877 found evidence of the earliest known, issued by the king of ca 2300 BC. Perhaps the earliest prototype for a law of government, this document itself has not yet been discovered; however it is known that it allowed some rights to his citizens. For example, it is known that it relieved tax for widows and orphans, and protected the poor from the of the rich. After that, many ruled by special codes of written laws. The oldest such document still known to exist seems to be the of ( ca 2050 BC). Some of the better-known ancient law codes include the code of of, the of, the, the and. In 621 BC, a scribe named codified the cruel oral laws of the of; this code prescribed the for many offences (nowadays very severe rules are often called 'Draconian'). In 594 BC,, the ruler of Athens, created the new. It eased the burden of the workers, and that membership of the ruling class was to be based on wealth (), rather than by birth (). Again reformed the Athenian constitution and set it on a democratic footing in 508 BC. Third volume of the compilation of Catalan Constitutions of 1585 In the, the were promulgated by the Court from 1283 (or even two centuries before, if we consider the as part of the compilation of Constitutions) until 1716, when gave the, finishing with the historical laws of. These Constitutions were usually made formally as a royal initiative, but required for its approval or repeal the favorable vote of the, the medieval antecedent of the modern Parliaments. These laws had, as the other modern constitutions, preeminence over other laws, and they could not be contradicted by mere decrees or edicts of the king. The was a decree issued by a in Nuremberg headed by Emperor that fixed, for a period of more than four hundred years, an important aspect of the constitutional structure of the. In, the created and refined a document he called (first published in 1375, revised twice more before his death in 1398). These rules served in a very real sense as a constitution for the for the next 250 years. The oldest written document still governing a sovereign nation today is that of. The was written in Latin and consists of six books. The first book, with 62 articles, establishes councils, courts, various executive officers and the powers assigned to them. The remaining books cover criminal and civil law, judicial procedures and remedies. Written in 1600, the document was based upon the Statuti Comunali (Town Statute) of 1300, itself influenced by the Codex Justinianus, and it remains in force today. In 1392 the Carta de Logu was of the promulgated by the giudicessa. It was in force in until it was superseded by the code of in April 1827. The Carta was a work of great importance in history. It was an organic, coherent, and systematic work of legislation encompassing the and. Iroquois 'Great Law of Peace'. Main article: The Gayanashagowa, the oral constitution of the nation also known as the Great Law of Peace, established a system of governance in which (tribal chiefs) of the members of the Iroquois League made decisions on the basis of universal consensus of all chiefs following discussions that were initiated by a single tribe. The position of sachem descended through families, and were allocated by senior female relatives. Historians including, and others believe that the Iroquois constitution provided inspiration for the United States Constitution and in 1988 was recognised by a resolution in. The thesis is not considered credible by some scholars. Historian stated that 'The voluminous records we have for the constitutional debates of the late 1780s contain no significant references to the Iroquois' and stated that there are ample European precedents to the democratic institutions of the United States. Noted that the statement made by frequently quoted by proponents of the thesis does not support this idea as it is advocating for a union against these 'ignorant savages' and called the idea 'absurd'. Contends Jennings, Tooker etc. Have 'humorlessly missed the ironic nature of Franklin's statement' and persist in 'ignoring the relevant sources'. Stated that though Franklin's may have drawn some inspiration from the Iroquois League, there is little evidence that either the Plan or the Constitution drew substantially from this source and argues that '.such claims muddle and denigrate the subtle and remarkable features of Iroquois government. The two forms of government are distinctive and individually remarkable in conception.' Modern constitutions. A painting depicting George Washington at the of 1787 signing of the U.S. Constitution In 1639, the adopted the, which was the first constitution, and is the basis for every new Connecticut constitution since, and is also the reason for 's nickname, 'the '. The that was set up by after the promulgated the first detailed written constitution adopted by a modern state; it was called the. This formed the basis of government for the short lived republic from 1653 to 1657 by providing a legal rationale for the increasing power of Cromwell, after Parliament consistently failed to govern effectively. Most of the concepts and ideas embedded into modern constitutional theory, especially,, the written constitution, and, can be traced back to the experiments of that period. Drafted by in 1653, the Instrument of Government included elements incorporated from an earlier document ', which had been agreed to by the in 1647, as a set of propositions intended to be a basis for a constitutional settlement after King was defeated in the. Charles had rejected the propositions, but before the start of the Second Civil War, the of the had presented the Heads of Proposals as their alternative to the more radical presented by the Agitators and their civilian supporters at the. On January 4, 1649 the declared 'that the people are, under God, the original of all just power; that the Commons of England, being chosen by and representing the people, have the supreme power in this nation'. The Instrument of Government was adopted by Parliament on December 15, 1653 and was installed as on the following day. The constitution set up a state council consisting of 21 members while executive authority was vested in the office of '; this position was designated as a non-hereditary life appointment. It also required the calling of triennial, with each sitting for at least five months. The Instrument of Government was replaced in May 1657 by England's second, and last, codified constitution, the, proposed by Sir. The Petition offered hereditary to, asserted 's control over issuing new, provided an independent council to advise the king and safeguarded 'Triennial' meetings of Parliament. A modified version of the Humble Petition with the clause on kingship removed was ratified on 25 May. This finally met its demise in conjunction with the death of Cromwell and the of the monarchy. Other examples of European constitutions of this era were the of 1755 and the. All of the British colonies in North America that were to become the 13 original United States, adopted their own constitutions in 1776 and 1777, during the American Revolution (and before the later and ), with the exceptions of Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island. The adopted in 1780, the oldest still-functioning constitution of any U.S. State; while Connecticut and Rhode Island officially continued to operate under their old colonial charters, until they adopted their first state constitutions in 1818 and 1843, respectively. Democratic constitutions. (painting by, 1891). (left, in regal -trimmed cloak), enters, where will swear to uphold; in background,, where the Constitution has just been adopted. What is sometimes called the 'enlightened constitution' model was developed by philosophers of the such as,, and. The model proposed that constitutional governments should be stable, adaptable, accountable, open and should represent the people (i.e., support ). Was written in 1710 by, hetman of the. It was written to establish a free, with the support of. It is notable in that it established a democratic standard for the separation of powers in government between the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches, well before the publication of Montesquieu's. This Constitution also limited the executive authority of the hetman, and established a democratically elected Cossack parliament called the General Council. However, Orlyk's project for an independent State never materialized, and his constitution, written in exile, never went into effect. Of 1755 and 1794 were inspired. The later one introduced for property owners. The, ratified June 21, 1788, was influenced by the writings of,,, and others. The document became a benchmark for and codified constitutions written thereafter. [ ] The was passed on May 3, 1791. Another landmark document was the, ratified on September 3, 1791. On March 19, the was ratified by a gathered in, the only Spanish continental city which was safe from. The Spanish Constitution served as a model for other liberal constitutions of several and nations like, for example,, constitutions of various states during revolts (i.e., in the ),, or the. In, the Constitution of 1824 expressed the option for the monarchy as political system after Brazilian Independence. The leader of the national emancipation process was the Portuguese prince, elder son of the king of Portugal. Pedro was crowned in 1822 as first emperor of Brazil. The country was ruled by Constitutional monarchy until 1889, when finally adopted the Republican model. In, as a result of the, the lost its personal possession of to another absolute monarchy,. However the Norwegians managed to infuse a radically democratic and liberal in 1814, adopting many facets from the American constitution and the revolutionary French ones; but maintaining a hereditary limited by the constitution, like the Spanish one. The first was put in force in September 1848 (with official revisions in 1878, 1891, 1949, 1971, 1982 and 1999). The initially led to a proclamation of a proto-constitution in 1811; the full-fledged Constitution of Serbia followed few decades later, in 1835. The first Serbian constitution () was adopted at the national assembly in on February 15, 1835. The came into force on July 1, 1867 as the British North America Act, an act of the British Parliament. Over a century later, the BNA Act was patriated to the Canadian Parliament and augmented with the. Apart from the Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982, Canada's constitution also has unwritten elements based in common law and convention. Principles of constitutional design After tribal people first began to live in cities and establish nations, many of these functioned according to unwritten customs, while some developed autocratic, even tyrannical monarchs, who, or mere personal whim. Such rule led some thinkers to take the position that what mattered was not the design of governmental institutions and operations, as much as the character of the rulers. This view can be seen in, who called for rule by 'philosopher-kings.' Later writers, such as, and, would examine designs for government from a legal and historical standpoint. The brought a series of political philosophers who wrote implied criticisms of the practices of monarchs and sought to identify principles of constitutional design that would be likely to yield more effective and just governance from their viewpoints. This began with revival of the Roman concept and its application to the relations among nations, and they sought to establish customary 'laws of war and peace' to ameliorate wars and make them less likely. This led to considerations of what authority monarchs or other officials have and don't have, from where that authority derives, and the remedies for the abuse of such authority. A seminal juncture in this line of discourse arose in England from the, the, the writings of,, the,, and, leading to the debate between, arguing for the divine right of monarchs, on the one side, and on the other,,,, and. What arose from the latter was a concept of government being erected on the foundations of first, a state of nature governed by natural laws, then a state of society, established by a social contract or compact, which bring underlying natural or social laws, before governments are formally established on them as foundations. Along the way several writers examined how the design of government was important, even if the government were headed by a monarch. They also classified various historical examples of governmental designs, typically into democracies, aristocracies, or monarchies, and considered how just and effective each tended to be and why, and how the advantages of each might be obtained by combining elements of each into a more complex design that balanced competing tendencies. Some, such as, also examined how the functions of government, such as legislative, executive, and judicial, might appropriately be separated into branches. The prevailing theme among these writers was that the design of constitutions is not completely arbitrary or a matter of taste. They generally held that there are underlying principles of design that constrain all constitutions for every polity or organization. Each built on the ideas of those before concerning what those principles might be. The later writings of would try to explain what constitutional designers were trying to do. According to Brownson there are, in a sense, three 'constitutions' involved: The first the constitution of nature that includes all of what was called 'natural law.' The second is the constitution of society, an unwritten and commonly understood set of rules for the society formed by a social contract before it establishes a government, by which it establishes the third, a constitution of government. The second would include such elements as the making of decisions by public called by and conducted by established. Each constitution must be consistent with, and derive its authority from, the ones before it, as well as from a historical act of society formation or constitutional ratification. Brownson argued that a is a society with effective dominion over a well-defined territory, that consent to a well-designed constitution of government arises from presence on that territory, and that it is possible for provisions of a written constitution of government to be 'unconstitutional' if they are inconsistent with the constitutions of nature or society. Brownson argued that it is not ratification alone that makes a written constitution of government legitimate, but that it must also be competently designed and applied. Other writers have argued that such considerations apply not only to all national constitutions of government, but also to the constitutions of private organizations, that it is not an accident that the constitutions that tend to satisfy their members contain certain elements, as a minimum, or that their provisions tend to become very similar as they are amended after experience with their use. Provisions that give rise to certain kinds of questions are seen to need additional provisions for how to resolve those questions, and provisions that offer no course of action may best be omitted and left to policy decisions. Provisions that conflict with what Brownson and others can discern are the underlying 'constitutions' of nature and society tend to be difficult or impossible to execute, or to lead to unresolvable disputes. Constitutional design has been treated as a kind of in which play consists of finding the best design and provisions for a written constitution that will be the rules for the game of government, and that will be most likely to optimize a balance of the utilities of justice, liberty, and security. An example is the metagame. Political economy theory regards constitutions as coordination devices that help citizens to prevent rulers from abusing power. If the citizenry can coordinate a response to police government officials in the face of a constitutional fault, then the government have the incentives to honor the rights that the constitution guarantees. An alternative view considers that constitutions are not enforced by the citizens at-large, but rather by the administrative powers of the state. Because rulers cannot themselves implement their policies, they need to rely on a set of organizations (armies, courts, police agencies, tax collectors) to implement it. In this position, they can directly sanction the government by refusing to cooperate, disabling the authority of the rulers. Therefore, constitutions could be characterized by a self-enforcing equilibria between the rulers and powerful administrators. Governmental constitutions. Most commonly, the term constitution refers to a set of rules and principles that define the nature and extent of government. Most constitutions seek to regulate the relationship between institutions of the state, in a basic sense the relationship between the executive, legislature and the judiciary, but also the relationship of institutions within those branches. For example, executive branches can be divided into a head of government, government departments/ministries, executive agencies and a /administration. Most constitutions also attempt to define the relationship between individuals and the state, and to establish the broad rights of individual citizens. It is thus the most basic law of a territory from which all the other laws and rules are hierarchically derived; in some territories it is in fact called '. Key features The following are features of democratic constitutions that have been identified by political scientists to exist, in one form or another, in virtually all national constitutions. Classification Type Form Example Codified in single act (document) Most of the world constitutions. Uncodified fully written (in few documents), Israel, Saudi Arabia Uncodified partially unwritten (see ) Canada, NZ, UK Codification A fundamental classification is codification or lack of codification. A codified constitution is one that is contained in a single document, which is the single source of constitutional law in a state. An uncodified constitution is one that is not contained in a single document, consisting of several different sources, which may be written or unwritten; see. Codified constitution Most states in the world have codified constitutions. Codified constitutions are often the product of some dramatic political change, such as a. The process by which a country adopts a constitution is closely tied to the historical and political context driving this fundamental change. The legitimacy (and often the longevity) of codified constitutions has often been tied to the process by which they are initially adopted and some scholars have that high constitutional within a given country may itself be detrimental to separation of powers and the rule of law. States that have codified constitutions normally give the constitution supremacy over ordinary law. That is, if there is any conflict between a legal statute and the codified constitution, all or part of the statute can be declared ultra vires by a court, and struck down as. In addition, exceptional procedures are often required to. These procedures may include: convocation of a special or constitutional convention, requiring a of legislators' votes, the consent of regional legislatures, a process, and/or other procedures that make amending a constitution more difficult than passing a simple law. Constitutions may also provide that their most basic principles can never be abolished, even by amendment. In case a formally valid amendment of a constitution infringes these principles protected against any amendment, it may constitute a so-called unconstitutional constitutional law. Codified constitutions normally consist of a ceremonial, which sets forth the goals of the state and the motivation for the constitution, and several articles containing the substantive provisions. The preamble, which is omitted in some constitutions, may contain a and/or to fundamental values of the state such as,. In ethnic nation-states such as, the mission of the state can be defined as preserving a specific nation, language and culture. Uncodified constitution. As of 2017 only two sovereign states, and the, have uncodified constitutions. The have since 1950 been intended to be the basis for a constitution, but as of 2017 it had not been drafted. The various Laws are considered to have precedence over other laws, and give the procedure by which they can be amended, typically by a simple majority of members of the Knesset (parliament). Uncodified constitutions are the product of an 'evolution' of laws and conventions over centuries. By contrast to codified constitutions (in the that originated in ), uncodified constitutions include written sources: e.g. Constitutional statutes enacted by the Parliament and also unwritten sources:, observation of,, and tradition, such as always holding the General Election on Thursdays; together these constitute the. Written versus unwritten; codified versus uncodified Some constitutions are largely, but not wholly, codified. For example, in the Constitution of Australia, most of its fundamental political principles and regulations concerning the relationship between branches of government, and concerning the government and the individual are codified in a single document, the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia. However, the presence of statutes with constitutional significance, namely the, as adopted by the Commonwealth in the, and the means that Australia's constitution is not contained in a single constitutional document. It means the Constitution of Australia is uncodified, it also contains, thus is partially unwritten. The, which evolved from the until severed from nominal British control by the (analogous to the Australia Act 1986), is a similar example. Canada's constitution. The terms written constitution and codified constitution are often used interchangeably, as are unwritten constitution and uncodified constitution, although this usage is technically inaccurate. A codified constitution is a single document; states that do not have such a document have uncodified, but not entirely unwritten, constitutions, since much of an uncodified constitution is usually written in laws such as the and the of the United Kingdom. Uncodified constitutions largely lack protection against amendment by the government of the time. For example, the UK legislated by simple majority for strictly; until then the ruling party could call a general election at any convenient time up to the maximum term of five years. This change would require a constitutional amendment in most nations. Further information: The presence or lack of entrenchment is a fundamental feature of constitutions. An entrenched constitution cannot be altered in any way by a legislature as part of its normal business concerning ordinary statutory laws, but can only be amended by a different and more onerous procedure. There may be a requirement for a to be set up, or the proportion of favourable votes of members of existing legislative bodies may be required to be higher to pass a constitutional amendment than for. The of a constitution can create different degrees of entrenchment, ranging from simply excluding constitutional amendment from the normal business of a legislature, to making certain amendments either more difficult than normal modifications, or forbidden under any circumstances. Entrenchment is an inherent feature in most codified constitutions. A codified constitution will incorporate the rules which must be followed for the constitution itself to be changed. The US constitution is an example of an entrenched constitution, and the UK constitution is an example of a constitution that is not entrenched (or codified). In some states the text of the constitution may be changed; in others the original text is not changed, and are passed which add to and may override the original text and earlier amendments. Procedures for constitutional amendment vary between states. In a nation with a federal system of government the approval of a majority of state or provincial legislatures may be required. Alternatively, a national referendum may be required. Details are to be found in the articles on the constitutions of the various nations and federal states in the world. In constitutions that are not entrenched, no special procedure is required for modification. Lack of entrenchment is a characteristic of uncodified constitutions; the constitution is not recognised with any higher legal status than ordinary. In the UK, for example laws which modify written or unwritten provisions of the constitution are passed on a simple majority in. No special 'constitutional amendment' procedure is required. The principle of holds that no sovereign parliament may be bound by the acts of its predecessors; and there is no higher authority that can create law which binds Parliament. The is nominally the head of state with important powers, such as the power to declare war; the removes all these powers in practice. In practice democratic governments do not use the lack of entrenchment of the constitution to impose the will of the government or abolish all civil rights, as they could in theory do, but the distinction between constitutional and other law is still somewhat arbitrary, usually following historical principles embodied in important past legislation. For example, several British such as the, Human Rights Act and, prior to the creation of Parliament, Magna Carta are regarded as granting fundamental rights and principles which are treated as almost constitutional. Several rights that in another state might be guaranteed by constitution have indeed been abolished or modified by the British parliament in the early 21st century, including [ ] the unconditional right to, the without prejudicial inference, extended from 24 hours to 42 days, and the. Absolutely unmodifiable articles The strongest level of exists in those constitutions that state that some of their most fundamental principles are absolute, i.e. Certain articles may not be amended under any circumstances. An amendment of a constitution that is made consistently with that constitution, except that it violates the absolute non-modifiability, can be called an unconstitutional constitutional law. Ultimately it is always possible for a constitution to be overthrown by internal or external force, for example, a (perhaps claiming to be justified by the ) or invasion. In the Constitution of India, the Supreme Court has created the Doctrine of Basic Structure in Kesavananda Bharti's case (1973) stating that the essential features of the Basic structure cannot be amended by the Parliament. The Court has identified judicial review, independence of Judiciary, free and fair election, core of Fundamental Rights as a few of the essential features which are unamendable. However, the Supreme Court did not identify specific provisions which are in the category of absolute entrenchment. A critical analysis of the Doctrine of Basic Structure appears in Professor M.K. Bhandari's book Basic Structure of Indian Constitution - A Critical Reconsideration. An example of absolute unmodifiability is found in the. Articles 1 and 20 protect human dignity, human rights, democracy, rule of law, federal and social state principles, and the people's right of resistance as a last resort against an attempt to abolish the constitutional order. States that these principles cannot be changed, even according to the methods of amendment defined elsewhere in the document, until a new constitution comes into effect. Another example is the, which has an article stating that the article itself and certain other articles cannot be changed in any circumstances. Article 374 of the Honduras Constitution asserts this unmodifiability, stating, 'It is not possible to reform, in any case, the preceding article, the present article, the constitutional articles referring to the form of government, to the national territory, to the presidential period, the prohibition to serve again as President of the Republic, the citizen who has performed under any title in consequence of which she/he cannot be President of the Republic in the subsequent period.' This unmodifiability article played an important role in the. Distribution of sovereignty. See also: Constitutions also establish where sovereignty is located in the state. There are three basic types of distribution of sovereignty according to the degree of centralisation of power: unitary, federal, and confederal. The distinction is not absolute. In a unitary state, sovereignty resides in the state itself, and the constitution determines this. The territory of the state may be divided into regions, but they are not sovereign and are subordinate to the state. In the UK, the constitutional doctrine of dictates than sovereignty is ultimately contained at the centre. Some powers have been to,, and (but not ). Some unitary states ( is an example) devolve more and more power to sub-national governments until the state functions in practice much like a federal state. A federal state has a central structure with at most a small amount of territory mainly containing the institutions of the federal government, and several regions (called states, provinces, etc.) which compose the territory of the whole state. Sovereignty is divided between the centre and the constituent regions. The constitutions of Canada and the United States establish federal states, with power divided between the federal government and the provinces or states. Each of the regions may in turn have its own constitution (of unitary nature). A confederal state comprises again several regions, but the central structure has only limited coordinating power, and sovereignty is located in the regions. Confederal constitutions are rare, and there is often dispute to whether so-called 'confederal' states are actually federal. To some extent a group of states which do not constitute a federation as such may by and accords give up parts of their sovereignty to a entity. For example, the countries constituting the have agreed to abide by some Union-wide measures which restrict their absolute sovereignty in some ways, e.g., the use of the instead of national units previously used. Separation of powers. Main article: Constitutions usually explicitly divide power between various branches of government. The standard model, described by the, involves three branches of government:, and. Some constitutions include additional branches, such as an. Constitutions vary extensively as to the degree of separation of powers between these branches. Lines of accountability In and systems of government, department secretaries/ministers are accountable to the, who has patronage powers to appoint and dismiss ministers. The president is accountable to the people in an election. In systems, Cabinet Ministers are accountable to, but it is the who appoints and dismisses them. In the case of the United Kingdom and other countries with a monarchy, it is the monarch who appoints and dismisses ministers, on the advice of the prime minister. In turn the prime minister will resign if the government loses the confidence of the parliament (or a part of it). Confidence can be lost if the government loses a or, depending on the country, loses a particularly important vote in parliament, such as vote on the budget. When a government loses confidence, it stays in office until a new government is formed; something which normally but not necessarily required the holding of a general election. State of emergency. See also: Italian political theorist noted the existence of national constitutions which are a facade for authoritarian sources of power. While such documents may express respect for or establish an independent judiciary, they may be ignored when the government feels threatened, or never put into practice. An extreme example was the that on paper supported and; however, citizens who transgressed unwritten limits were summarily. The example demonstrates that the protections and benefits of a constitution are ultimately provided not through its written terms but through deference by government and society to its principles. A constitution may change from being real to a facade and back again as democratic and autocratic governments succeed each other. Constitutional courts. Further information: and Constitutions are often, but by no means always, protected by a legal body whose job it is to interpret those constitutions and, where applicable, declare void executive and legislative acts which infringe the constitution. In some countries, such as, this function is carried out by a dedicated constitutional court which performs this (and only this) function. In other countries, such as, the ordinary courts may perform this function in addition to their other responsibilities. While elsewhere, like in the, the concept of declaring an act to be unconstitutional does not exist. A constitutional violation is an action or legislative act that is judged by a to be contrary to the constitution, that is, unconstitutional. An example of constitutional violation by the executive could be a public office holder who acts outside the powers granted to that office by a constitution. An example of constitutional violation by the legislature is an attempt to pass a law that would contradict the constitution, without first going through the proper constitutional amendment process. Some countries, mainly those with uncodified constitutions, have no such courts at all. For example, the has traditionally operated under the principle of under which the laws passed by could not be questioned by the courts. See also •, equivalent in some countries, often for a temporary constitution • (a class of documents) • • • • • • • • • • • Judicial philosophies of constitutional interpretation (note: generally specific to ) • • • • • • (adopts same changes, but without constitutional name) • References. 'Saints Cyril and Methodius holding the Cyrillic alphabet,' a mural by iconographer, 1848, Bishops and Confessors; Equals to the Apostles; Patrons of Europe; Apostles to the Slavs Born 826 or 827 and 815, (present-day Greece) Died ( 869-02-14)14 February 869 and ( 885-04-06)6 April 885 and, Venerated in 11 and 24 May () 14 February (present Roman Catholic calendar); 5 July (Roman Catholic calendar 1880–1886); 7 July (Roman Catholic calendar 1887–1969) 5 July (Roman Catholic and ) brothers depicted together; Eastern bishops holding up a church; Eastern bishops holding an of the. Often, Cyril is depicted wearing a and Methodius vested as a bishop with.,,,,,, Europe,, Part of on the. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Early career Early life The two brothers were born in, in present-day – Cyril in about 827–828 and Methodius about 815–820. Cyril was reputedly the youngest of seven brothers; he was born Constantine, but took the name Cyril upon becoming a monk in Rome shortly before his death, according to the Vita Cyrilli ('The Life of Cyril'). Methodius was born Michael and took the name Methodius upon becoming a monk at Olympus (present-day ), in northwest Turkey. Their father was Leo, a of the Byzantine of Thessalonica, and their mother was Maria. The exact ethnic origins of the brothers are unknown, there is controversy as to whether Cyril and Methodius were of or origin, or both. The two brothers lost their father when Cyril was fourteen, and the powerful minister, who was, one of the chief ministers of the Empire, became their protector. He was also responsible, along with the regent, for initiating a far-reaching educational program within the Empire which culminated in the establishment of the, where Cyril was to teach. Cyril was ordained as some time after his education, while his brother Methodius remained only a until 867/868. Missions in the Middle East Cyril's mastery of theology and command of both and made him eligible for his first state mission. He was sent to the to discuss the principle of the Holy with the Arab theologians, and to improve relations between the Caliphate and the Empire. [ ] The second mission (860), requested by the and the (a professor of Cyril's at the University and his guiding light in earlier years), was a missionary expedition to the in order to prevent the expansion of there. This mission was unsuccessful, as later the Khagan imposed Judaism on his people as the national religion. It has been claimed that Methodius accompanied Cyril on the mission to the Khazars, but this is probably a later invention. The account of his life presented in the 'Legenda' claims that he learned the Khazar language while in, in (today ). [ ] After his return to Constantinople, Cyril assumed the role of professor of at the University while his brother had by this time become a significant player in Byzantine political and administrative affairs, and an abbot of his monastery. [ ] Mission to the Slavs Great Moravia. Basilica of St.Cyril and Methodius in, In 862, the brothers began the work which would give them their historical importance. That year Prince of requested that Emperor Michael III and the Patriarch Photius send missionaries to evangelize his Slavic subjects. His motives in doing so were probably more political than religious. Rastislav had become king with the support of the ruler, but subsequently sought to assert his independence from the Franks. It is a common misconception that Cyril and Methodius were the first to bring Christianity to, but the letter from Rastislav to Michael III states clearly that Rastislav's people 'had already rejected paganism and adhere to the Christian law.' Rastislav is said to have expelled missionaries of the and instead turned to Constantinople for ecclesiastical assistance and, presumably, a degree of political support. The Emperor quickly chose to send Cyril, accompanied by his brother Methodius. The request provided a convenient opportunity to expand Byzantine influence. Their first work seems to have been the training of assistants. In 863, they began the task of translating the into the language now known as and travelled to Great Moravia to promote it. They enjoyed considerable success in this endeavour. However, they came into conflict with German ecclesiastics who opposed their efforts to create a specifically Slavic liturgy. For the purpose of this mission, they devised the, the first alphabet to be used for Slavonic manuscripts. The Glagolitic alphabet was suited to match the specific features of the Slavic language. Its descendant script, the Cyrillic, is still used by many languages today. They wrote the first Slavic, which was used in Great Moravia. The language derived from Old Church Slavonic, known as, is still used in by several and also in some churches. It is impossible to determine with certainty what portions of the Bible the brothers translated. The and the seem to have been the first, followed by other lessons from the. The 'Translatio' speaks only of a version of the by Cyril, and the 'Vita Methodii' only of the 'evangelium Slovenicum,' though other liturgical selections may also have been translated. Nor is it known for sure which liturgy, that of Rome or that of Constantinople, they took as a source. They may well have used the, as suggested by liturgical fragments which adhere closely to the Latin type. This view is confirmed by the 'Prague Fragments' and by certain Old liturgical fragments brought from to and discovered there by Saresnewsky—probably the oldest document for the Slavonic tongue; these adhere closely to the Latin type, as is shown by the words 'Mass,' 'Preface,' and the name of one Felicitas. In any case, the circumstances were such that the brothers could hope for no permanent success without obtaining the authorization of Rome. Journey to Rome. Saints Cyril and Methodius in Rome. Fresco in San Clemente In 867, invited the brothers to Rome. Their evangelizing mission in Moravia had by this time become the focus of a dispute with, the and, who claimed ecclesiastical control of the same territory and wished to see it use the Latin liturgy exclusively. Travelling with the relics of and a retinue of disciples, and passing through (the ), where they were well received by Prince (Kocelj, Kozel), they arrived in Rome in 868, where they were warmly received. This was partly due to their bringing with them the relics of Saint Clement; the rivalry with Constantinople as to the jurisdiction over the territory of the Slavs would incline Rome to value the brothers and their influence. The brothers were praised for their learning and cultivated for their influence in Constantinople. Would later call Cyril 'a man of apostolic life' and 'a man of great wisdom'. Their project in Moravia found support from, who formally authorized the use of the new Slavic liturgy. Subsequently Methodius was ordained as priest by the pope himself, and five Slavic disciples were ordained as priests (, and ) and as deacons ( and Saint Sava) by the prominent bishops and Gauderic. The newly made priests officiated in their own languages at the altars of some of the principal churches. Feeling his end approaching, Cyril became a monk, was given the new name Cyril, and died in Rome fifty days later (14 February 869). There is some question as to assertion of the Translatio (ix.) that he was made a bishop. Methodius alone Methodius now continued the work among the Slavs alone; not at first in Great Moravia, but in Pannonia (in the ), owing to the political circumstances of the former country, where Rastislav had been taken captive by his nephew, then delivered over to Carloman, and condemned in a of the empire at the end of 870. Friendly relations had been established with Koceľ on the journey to Rome. This activity in Pannonia made a conflict inevitable with the German episcopate, and especially with the bishop of, to whose jurisdiction Pannonia had belonged for seventy-five years. In 865 Bishop Adalwin is found exercising all Episcopal rights there, and the administration under him was in the hands of the archpriest Riehbald. The latter was obliged to retire to Salzburg, but his superior was naturally disinclined to abandon his claims. Methodius sought support from Rome; the Vita asserts that Koceľ sent him thither with an honorable escort to receive Episcopal consecration. The letter given as Adrian's in chap. Viii., with its approval of the Slavonic mass, is a pure invention. The pope named Methodius archbishop of Sirmium with jurisdiction over Great Moravia and Pannonia, thus superseding the claims of Salzburg by an older title. The statement of the 'Vita' that Methodius was made bishop in 870 and not raised to the dignity of an archbishop until 873 is contradicted by the brief of, written in June 879, according to which Adrian consecrated him archbishop; John includes in his jurisdiction not only Great Moravia and Pannonia, but Serbia as well. Methodius' final years The archiepiscopal claims of Methodius were considered such an injury to the rights of Salzburg that he was forced to answer for them at a synod held at in the presence of King Louis. The assembly, after a heated discussion, declared the deposition of the intruder, and ordered him to be sent to Germany, where he was kept prisoner in for two and a half years. In spite of the strong representations of the, written in 871 to influence the pope, though not avowing this purpose, Rome declared emphatically for Methodius, and sent a bishop, Paul of Ancons, to reinstate him and punish his enemies, after which both parties were commanded to appear in Rome with the legate. Cyril and Methodius by, painter The papal will prevailed, and Methodius secured his freedom and his archiepiscopal authority over both Great Moravia and Pannonia, though the use of Slavonic for the mass was still denied to him. His authority was restricted in Pannonia when after Koceľ's death the principality was administered by German nobles; but now ruled with practical independence in Great Moravia, and expelled the German clergy. This apparently secured an undisturbed field of operation for Methodius, and the Vita (x.) depicts the next few years (873–879) as a period of fruitful progress. Methodius seems to have disregarded, wholly or in part, the prohibition of the Slavonic liturgy; and when clerics again found their way into the country, and the archbishop's strictness had displeased the licentious Svatopluk, this was made a cause of complaint against him at Rome, coupled with charges regarding the. Methodius vindicated his orthodoxy at Rome, the more easily as the creed was still recited there without the Filioque, and promised to obey in regard to the liturgy. The other party was conciliated by giving him a, Wiching, as his coadjutor. When relations were strained between the two, John VIII steadfastly supported Methodius; but after his death (December 882) the archbishop's position became insecure, and his need of support induced Goetz to accept the statement of the Vita (xiii.) that he went to visit the Eastern emperor. It was not until after Methodius' death, which is placed on 6 April 885, that the animosity erupted into an open conflict. Gorazd, whom Methodius had designated as his successor, was not recognised. The same Pope forbade the use of the Slavic liturgy and placed the infamous Wiching as Methodius' successor. The latter exiled the disciples of the two brothers from Great Moravia in 885. They fled to the, where they were welcomed and commissioned to establish theological schools. There they devised the on the basis of the. Cyrillic gradually replaced Glagolitic as the alphabet of the Old Church Slavonic language, which became the official language of the and later spread to the Eastern Slav lands of. Cyrillic eventually spread throughout most of the Slavic world to become the standard alphabet in the Slavic countries. Hence, Cyril and Methodius' efforts also paved the way for the spread of Christianity throughout Eastern Europe. Methodius' body was buried in the main cathedral church of Great Moravia. Until today it remains an open question which city was capital of Great Moravia and therefore the place of Methodius' eternal rest remains unknown. Invention of the Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets. |
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